https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/142306 2026-04-12T11:13:04Z 2026-04-12T11:13:04Z Choucri, Nazli North, Robert https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/147089 2025-09-05T13:49:47Z 1971-09-01T00:00:00Z

Population, Technology, and Resources in the Future International System Choucri, Nazli; North, Robert

1971-09-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141600 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Population and the global environment Choucri, Nazli

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli Brown, J. W. Haas, P. M. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141592 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z

Dimensions of national security: The case of Egypt Choucri, Nazli; Brown, J. W.; Haas, P. M.

1990-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli North, Robert C. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141591 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1971-01-01T00:00:00Z

Population and the international system: Some implications for United States policy and planning Choucri, Nazli; North, Robert C.

1971-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141590 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1973-01-01T00:00:00Z

Population dynamics and social inquiry: Some methodological imperatives Choucri, Nazli

1973-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141589 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z

Demographic changes in the Middle East: New factors in regional politics Choucri, Nazli

1980-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141588 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1986-01-01T00:00:00Z

Migration to the Middle East Choucri, Nazli

1986-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli North, Robert C. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141587 2022-05-05T16:25:31Z 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z

Population and (in)security: National perspectives and global imperatives Choucri, Nazli; North, Robert C.

1993-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141586 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

Demography, migration, and security in the Middle East Choucri, Nazli

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141568 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1974-06-10T00:00:00Z

Political implications of population dynamics: A critical assessment. Choucri, Nazli While it is generally recognized that excessive population growth places severe strains upon the environment, there is also some reason to believe that population levels and rates of increase may be important elements affecting national' power, war and peace, and the nature of social and political organization. This paper will attempt to evaluate existing evidence concerning the political implications of population dynamics, note areas of ambiguity and suggest possible avenues for further research.

1974-06-10T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141567 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1994-11-07T00:00:00Z

Demography, migration, and security in the Middle East Choucri, Nazli

1994-11-07T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141560 2022-05-05T16:29:18Z 1983-01-01T00:00:00Z

Population and conflict: New dimensions of population dynamics Choucri, Nazli The pervasiveness of population issues can be seen today in almost all aspects of human society. While our understanding of these issues has greatly increased over the last decade and a half, the implications o! population dynamics for conflict behaviour have not been well explained. Population, conflict and their interaction may be important factors in determining the kind of world we will face for the remaining decades of this century and those of the next. While the absence of population related pressures does not guarantee peace, these pressures could increase the probability of conflict. This is particularly true when such additional aggravating factors as widening economic disparities, worsening environmental conditions and dwindling natural resources are also present in countries. This report by Professor Nazli Choucri brings into focus the role of population dynamics in conflict manifestations. It also underscores the need to resolve population issues within a development framework if prosperity and peace for mankind are to be ensured. The UNFPA is pleased to see this report appear in time for the International Conference on Population in 1984 and hopes that this report in the Policy Development Studies series will advance the understanding of a complex and important issue.

1983-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli Eckaus, Richard S. Mohie-Eldine, Amr https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141559 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z

Migration and employment in the construction sector: Critical factors in Egyptian development Choucri, Nazli; Eckaus, Richard S.; Mohie-Eldine, Amr The migration of construction workers is having a strong effect on the construction sector and on the economy as a whole. There are costs and benefits to this migration. And there are policy implications that must be clearly understood so that the benefits can be made to outweigh the costs.

1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141558 2022-05-05T16:30:20Z 1978-01-01T00:00:00Z

Migration processes among developing countries: The Middle East Choucri, Nazli This paper is part of a research project undertaken within the context of the Technology Adaptation Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is allowed to appear in the Migration and Development Study Group series as a courtesy of the Technology Adaptation Program.

1978-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141555 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1977-01-01T00:00:00Z

The new migration in the Middle East: a problem for whom? Choucri, Nazli Popular views of the Middle East tend to concentrate on the cultural homogeneity of the Arab states, their conflict with Israel, and the dispute over petroleum prices. Yet in recent years a new issue has emerged that may well dominate regional politics in the years to come, giving rise to problems with both economic and political ramifications. That issue is the increased migration of Egyptian workers—skilled and unskilled—to other Arab states and their importance to development program and plans for social change. The volume of this migration and its consequences for regional politics are only dimly foreseen. Indeed, the very magnitude of that movement is itself in question, given the paucity of recorded data, conflicting reports, and political incentives for inaccurate representation. But there is every indication that it transcends narrow demographic concerns and will exert a powerful influence on relations among the Arab countries.

1977-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141554 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z

Population dynamics and local conflict: A cross national study of population and war Choucri, Nazli There are many uncertainties concerning the implications of population dynamics for conflict and violence among nations. The record is unclear. And despite some preliminary evidence regarding the role of demographic factors in contributing to violent conflict, considerable ambiguities remain. The purpose of this paper is to (1) summarize a cross-national study of the relationship between population dynamics and violent conflict in developing areas, (2) present a profile of basic patterns and associations, and (3) provide some insights into the apparent linkages between demographic factors, on the one hand, and conflict behavior, on the other. This skeletal review is abstracted from a detailed comparative analysis of the role of demographic factors in 45 "third world" conflicts since World War II. Logistical constraints prevent a discussion of each case, and as comprehensive a review of methods, procedure. results and policy implications as would be desirable. Only the broadest patterns are delineated.

1974-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141547 2022-05-05T16:32:46Z 1977-12-01T00:00:00Z

The new migration in the Middle East: A problem for whom? Choucri, Nazli This paper describes the recent trends in migration throughout the Middle East, identifying the major implications of this movement, and isolating the critical policy issues for both Egypt and other Arab states. The author argues that international migration in the Middle East harbors political and economic effects that may be potentially explosive. It is demonstrated that current migration related policies may be counter-productive for all parties concerned. This paper highlights the emergence of new issues in Middle East politics without attempting a detailed analysis of their many facets.

1977-12-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141546 2022-05-04T15:15:54Z 1974-12-01T00:00:00Z

A report on Bucharest. The World Population Conference and the Population Tribune, August 1974 The United Nations World Population Conference in Bucharest, Romania, in August 1974, was the first international conference of governments to discuss population and development. It represented a breakthrough in a field that had, to that time, largely focused on technical aspects of population regulation-family planning programs, distribution and dissemination of contraceptive devices and methods, and research in demographic processes -and in which the major conferences had largely involved professionals in the field. The foresight and dedication of the United Nations system made possible a broadening of this approach to population issues.

1974-12-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141545 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1976-01-01T00:00:00Z

Book Review: Manpower and employment in Arab countries: Some critical issues Choucri, Nazli Book Review.

1976-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141544 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1978-01-01T00:00:00Z

The pervasiveness of politics: Political definitions of population issues Choucri, Nazli Population programmes have political dimensions-and political problems often have demographic roots. But just how do politics and population interact?

1978-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141543 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z

Labor transfers in the Arab world: Growing interdependence in the construction sector Choucri, Nazli Text in Arabic language.

1979-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141542 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1982-04-30T00:00:00Z

The Arab world in the 1980s: Macro-politics and economic change Choucri, Nazli The events of the early 1970's -- preceded by gradual changes which culminated in the war of 1973 and the oil price increases of October that year -- created realities that cannot be comprehended through conventional categories used in the past. Outsiders generally view the Arab world in terms of population, agriculture, industry and the like. In the West, the prevailing view was that the Arab world was poor, despite new wealth in oil-rich countries, and that its economic problems were basically those of increasing rates of growth, per capita income, and managing propensities for urban living. By the same token, the countries of the region were defined as "democracies," "monarchies" or "dictatorships" as the case might be. Arab countries were regarded as "good" or "bad" depending on the cold war politics of the time. Arab states, whatever their form of government, were then defined as "pro-West", "pro-East" or non-aligned, the implication being that political choices were limited to these three possibilities.[2] Lending can often be quite complex, given scarcity of personnel and difficulties in evaluating projects. The Abu Dhabi Fund (ADFAED), Saudi Development Fund (SDF), Iraq Fund for External Development (IFED), and Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development (KFEAD) are all bilateral, administered by one country, and generally disbursed to individual recipients or occasionally an organization. Multilateral funds include Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFSED), Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA), and the OPEC Special Fund. Other lending facilities include the Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development, the Arab Monetary Fund and the Arab Africa Oil Assistance Fund.

1982-04-30T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli Brecke, P. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141541 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1984-01-01T00:00:00Z

Migration in the Middle East: Transformation and change Choucri, Nazli; Brecke, P. The large-scale international movement of manpower is one of the most dramatic effects of the oil price increase and related events of 1973. The issues raised by migration in the Middle East have not received the attention they deserve from political analysts, economists, or area specialists. Yet the economic development of the Arab region is critically tied to manpower requirements; many of the bottlenecks and constraints on economic growth stem directly from the flow of labor across national borders. So, too, labor migration is changing the political demography of the region, shaping the parameters for political and social conflict in the years to come. This paper places contemporary migration in the Middle East in its historical context and then reviews the transformations in migration over the past ten years. It seeks to trace the evolution of migration processes. The basic, guiding proposition is that the "reality" has changed. The challenge lies in delineating these transformations and identifying the various flows and sequences in the evolution of the migration process.

1984-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141540 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1986-01-01T00:00:00Z

The hidden economy: A new view of remittances in the Arab world Choucri, Nazli The hidden economy is set in place by the large-scale migration of labor in search of employment outside national boundaries. Remitted earnings, channeled largely through informal mechanisms, have generated a network of financial and economic relations that define the boundaries and characteristic features of the hidden economy. The hidden economy shapes many of the critical parameters of economic activity of the Middle East, such as exchange rates and the availability of foreign exchange. It is difficult to observe (or measure) working of this important phenomenon, since, to a large extent, it operates through unofficial, informal, or illegal transactions. Special emphasis is given to the cases of Sudan and Egypt to illustrate the operations of the hidden economy and to identify its agents and characteristic features.

1986-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141539 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1986-01-01T00:00:00Z

Asians in the Arab world: Labor migration and public policy Choucri, Nazli Ten years after the first oil price rises were declared in 1973 the countries of the Middle East were still struggling to understand the implications of these momentous events. Economic changes induced by events of 1973 created a dynamic process that fundamentally changed both the view of, and the reality in, the Arab world. The economic development of the region is critically tied to manpower requirements; many of the bottlenecks and constraints on economic growth stem directly from the flow of labor across national boundaries. The appearance of increasing numbers of South and East Asian workers in the Arab Gulf represents the most important recent change in the labor markets of the region. The new flows of Asian labor, beginning around 1975, were partly a response to market conditions and partly fueled by political concerns. Arab labor exporters could not fully meet the demand for labor. In addition, Asians had a distinct political advantage: Asian workers were unlikely to make claims for citizenship. Asians were alien and could continue to remain disenfranchised. They were regarded as more likely to be passive observers of political processes rather than as potential activists or claimants on social services and other benefits of citizenship. Now, at the time of writing, in 1983, there emerge signs of yet another change. The Middle East press reports new labor agreements among Arab countries as well as criticism of the large number of Asians. These signs must be interpreted with caution. If such a reaction is occurring it may be politically motivated. For example, while Arab labor contractors might now become almost as effective as their Asian counterparts, they are unlikely to have surpassed them. To fully appreciate the implications of the Asian presence, it must. be placed in the context of migration processes in the Middle East. This article presents the view from the Middle East by reviewing the migration processes of the past decade and highlighting the initial issues of political economy emerging from the large-scale movement of labor across national boundaries. The major policy issues are then identified, as an essential requisite for making cautious assessments regarding future prospects.

1986-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141538 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 1988-04-30T00:00:00Z

Migration in the Middle East: Old economics or new politics? Choucri, Nazli What we have in the Middle East today is a very distinctive and peculiar phenomenon that can be understood only in the context of the realities of the past decade: almost everyone is on the move. Nowhere do we see a truly national labor market. While declining oil prices will almost certainly reduce the growth of the labor mobility, even perhaps eliminating it entirely, the fact remains that almost every country relies on sending labor, or on receiving labor, or on both. This fact will remain with us well into the foreseeable future. For example, over 80 percent of Kuwait's labor force is composed of nonnationals; 50 percent of the country's population are noncitizens. While this is indeed a stark profile, it is certainly unreasonable to expect that all foreigners will be "returned." There is almost no scenario one can conjure to reestablish truly national labor markets that would, in turn, eliminate this internationalization of employment practices. This is precisely what makes the issue of labor migration an intensely political, rather than simply an economic, issue in the Middle East today. The foreign policies of nations, Arab and non-Arab, are increasingly shaped by manpower connections, and issues that were conventionally thought to be in the realm of "low politics"--to be dealt with by technocrats, bureaucrats, economists, and the like--have been catapulted into the arena of "high politics," pressing themselves upon the attention and shaping the priorities of almost every leader in the region. Remittances from employment abroad are a major feature of the manpower mosaic in the Middle East. By official estimates, Egyptians remit about $3 billion per year. (But there are indications that this figure may be falling because migration is tapering off.) This is an official figure, accounted for in the country's balance of payments. Once these earnings are remitted, it is conventionally believed that a whole variety of economic effects takes place. This added income in the hands of consumers, translated into more purchasing power, leads to increased aggregate demand and eventually increased output. Most observers believe, however, that remittances are essentially "squanderables," going into consumer goods, luxury items, TV's, and so forth. No one knows for sure what happens to the remitted earnings, but analysts have tended to focus on their impact for the real side of the economy, that is, the goods market rather than the monetary side, money supply, and foreign exchange markets. Generally, almost everyone attributes the growing inflation in the labor-exporting countries to the flow of remittances. On balance, then, there are "goods" and "bads" associated with remittances; how much of each remains quite unclear. The revolutionary uprising of Palestinians within the occupied territories, and within Israel, is tying labor issues to security concerns, connecting both with strong contentions against authority of the occupying power. The simplicity of conventional definitions is being challenged: are Palestinians working in Israel "migrant labor," "citizens," "refugees," or some other category? In a region where people are intensely politicized, issues of mobility, migration, employment, and labor are increasingly ones of "high politics."

1988-04-30T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141537 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z

Migration and security: Some key linkages Choucri, Nazli As migration is defined as the movement of people across national boundaries--an inter-state phenomenon--we would expect it to be addressed by students of international relations.... It is ... glaring to note the absence of migration as a topic in graduate courses in the field and its practical non-existence in the textbooks.

2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Choucri, Nazli Mistree, Dinsha https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141536 2022-05-05T16:00:26Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Globalization, migration, and new challenges to governance Choucri, Nazli; Mistree, Dinsha The movement of people across national borders—along with the cross-border flow of ideas, goods, services, and pollutants—has reached unprecedented levels in recent decades. As a result, sovereign states find themselves under increasing pressure to manage these flows and respond to the challenges that the flows create, while balancing the interests of various constituencies, both national and international.

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z