https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83613 2026-04-13T18:55:32Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146752 Lean Aerospace (Advancement) Initiative Supplier Networks Research Group Theses and Publications Bozdogan, Kirkor This document presents a listing of the theses and publications that have resulted from the research work of the Lean Aerospace (Advancement) Initiative Supplier Network Research Group over the period 1993 through 2007. 2020-04-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84584 Finding Opportunities for Commonality Across Complex Systems: A Study of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Long, Lt. Col. David Student research poster 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84583 Alignment in Product Development How Different Disciplines Successfully Interact within an Organizational Environment Castro, Joao Student research poster 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84578 Alignment in Product Development: How Different Disciplines Successfully Interact within an Organizational Environment Castro, Joao Student research poster 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84013 Lean Enterprise Architecture for System Technological Innovation Makumbe, Pedzi Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84012 Lean Enterprise Architecture for System Technological Innovation Makumbe, Pedzi Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84011 Designing the Lean Enterprise Performance Measurement System Mahidhar, Vikram Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84010 Using PDVSM to Better Characterize Waste and Value in Complex Product Development Whitaker, Ryan Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84009 Designing Enterprise Decisions Using Engineering Methods Tang, Vic Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84008 Multi-Platform Thinking: Knowledge Integration in the Lean Enterprise Haddad, Marc Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84007 Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration as an Enabler of Architecting an Extensible On-Orbit Servicing System Richards, Matt Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84006 Enterprise Change: Improving Complex Enterprises with System Models Hemann, Justin Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84005 Dynamic Evolution of Enterprise and System Architectures Dickmann, John Q. Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84004 US Air Force Air Logistics Centers: Lean Enterprise Transformation and Associated Capabilities Cohen, Jessica Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84003 Enablers, Barriers, and Precursors to the Development of Systems Thinking in Engineers Davidz, Heidi Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84002 Enabling Product Development and Other Life Cycle Processes Hines, Erisa K. Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84001 Enterprise Integration Strategies Across Complex Enterprise Networks Glazner, Christopher G. Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84000 Creating High Performance X-Enterprises Applying X-Team Concepts to Aerospace Programs Stanke, Alexis Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83999 Incorporating System Properties into Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration with Concurrent Design Ross, Adam Student research poster description sheet 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83998 Knowledge Integration Research: Multi-Platform Thinking: Integrating Knowledge in the Lean Enterprise Haddad, Marc Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83997 Enterprise Change Hemann, Justin Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83996 Waste in Product Development Oehmen, Josef Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83995 US Air Force Air Logistics Centers: Lean Enterprise Transformation and Associated Capabilities Cohen, Jessica Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83994 Enablers, Barriers, and Precursors to the Development of Systems Thinking in Engineers Davidz, Heidi Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83993 Enabling Product Development and other Life Cycle Processes with PDM Hines, Eriska K. Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83992 Creating High Performance X-Enterprises: Applying X-Team Theory to Aerospace Programs Stanke, Alexis Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83991 Incorporating System Properties into Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration with Concurrent Design Ross, Adam Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83990 Designing the Lean Enterprise Performance Measurement System Mahidhar, Vikram Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83989 Designing Enterprise Decisions Tang, Vic Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83988 Lifecycle Processes: Using PDVSM to Better Characterize Waste and Value in Complex Product Development Whitaker, Ryan Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83987 Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration as an Enabler of Architecting an Extensible On-Orbit Servicing System Richards, Matt Student research poster 2005-03-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83986 Systems Thinking in Engineers Davidz, Heidi Student research poster for INCOSE conference 2005-06-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83985 Multi-attribute Tradespace Exploration Ross, Adam Student research poster for INCOSE conference 2005-07-04T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83984 Enterprise Architecting: Enterprise Integration Strategies Across Virtual Extended Enterprises Glazner, Chris Student research poster 2005-08-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83983 Enterprise Architecting: Dynamic Evolution of Enterprise-Technical System Architectures Dickmann, John Student research poster 2005-08-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83982 Utilizing Product Development Value Stream Mapping In U.S. Air Force Acquisition Program Offices McKenzie, Scott Student research poster 2005-08-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83981 Platform Issues in Aircraft Companies Bador, Damien Student research poster 2006-04-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83980 Benchmarking USAF and USN Lean Enterprise Transformation Shoepe, Ted Student research poster 2006-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83979 Managing Risk and Uncertainty: Traditional Methods & the Lean Enterprise Wirthlin, Major Robb Student research poster 2006-06-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83978 Promoting Collaborative Systems Thinking: Aligning Culture and Standardized Process Twomey Lamb, Caroline Student research poster 2007-03-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83977 Managing Risk to Maximize Enterprise Product Development Portfolio Value Wirthlin, Major Robb Student research poster 2007-03-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83976 Life-Cycle Flexibility: Design and Exercise of Flexibility in Blended Wing Body Type Aircraft & Houston Ground Transportation Network McConnell, Joshua Student research poster 2007-03-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83975 Understanding and Modeling Interaction Effects in Complex Engineering Enterprises Glazner, Christopher Student research poster 2007-03-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83974 Knowledge Integration Research: Knowledge Integration for Problem Solving in the Development of Complex Aerospace Systems Haddad, Marc Student research poster 2007-03-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83973 Alignment in Product Development: How Different Disciplines Successfully Interact within an Organizational Environment Castro, Joao Student research poster 2007-03-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83972 Strategies in Enterprise Ecology: Symbiotic Models for Commercial Aviation as an Enterprise of Enterprises Sgouridis, Sgouris Student research poster 2007-03-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83963 Designing and Transforming Enterprise-Technical System Architectures for Flexibility and Adaptability Dickmann, John Q. Student research poster 2007-03-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83962 Enterprise Network Diagrams: Facilitating Enterprise Improvement & Change Colatat, Phech Student research poster 2007-03-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83961 Identifying Needs for New Air Force Aircraft Gillespie, Lt. Col. Dan Student research poster 2007-03-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83960 Boundary Objects: Improving Inter-organizational Communication Fong, Allan Student research poster 2007-03-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83959 System-of-Systems Interface Synchronization in Military Satellite Communications Davis, Major Mark J. Student research poster 2007-03-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83958 Globally vs. Locally Distributed Product Development: A Quantitative Comparative Analysis in Engineering Systems Makumbe, Pedzi Student research poster 2007-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83957 A Framework for Representing and Analyzing Socio-Technical Systems Using Coupled Design Structure Matrices Bartolomei, Jason Student research poster 2007-03-09T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83956 Commonality in Enterprise Product Development Processes Rupani, Sid Student research poster 2007-05-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83955 Understanding the Roles of Modularity and System Architecture in Unmanned Aircraft Systems Long, Lt. Col. Dave Student research poster 2007-10-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83954 Integrating Unmanned Aircraft into the National Airspace System: An Application of Value-Focused Thinking and Enterprise Architecting Cropsey, Luke Student research poster 2008-03-06T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83953 Collaborative Systems Thinking: The Role of Culture and Process in Promoting Higher-level Systems Thinking within Aerospace Teams Twomey Lamb, Caroline Student research poster 2008-03-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83952 The Origin of Needs and Advancement of Ideas for Military Systems Gillespie, Lt. Col. Dan Student research poster 2008-03-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83951 Design and Evolution of Flexible Enterprises: Operationalizing an Architecture Model Using Case Studies in Combat Air Operations Dickmann, John Q. Student research poster 2008-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83950 Enterprise Risk and Product Development Portfolios Wirthlin, Major Robb Student research poster 2008-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83949 Metrics for Enterprise Transformation Blackburn, Craig D. Student research poster 2008-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83948 Commonality in Enterprise Product Development Processes Rupani, Sid Student research poster 2008-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83947 Globally Distributed Product Development: Role of Complexity on the What, Where and How Makumbe, Pedzi Student research poster 2008-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83946 Architecting Ambient Knowledge in Enterprises: IT Enabled Enterprise Integration & Transformation Gagne, Danny Student research poster 2008-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83945 Design for Harmony: An Exploration of Enterprise and Product Architecture Tradespace Dynamics Roberts, Christopher J. Student research poster 2008-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83944 Modularity in Complex Systems: Understanding System Architecture in Unmanned Aircraft Systems Long, Lt. Col. Dave Student research poster 2008-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83943 Enterprise Network Diagrams: Insight Through Enterprise Measurement Colatat, Phech Student research poster 2008-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83942 Alignment in Product Development: How Different Disciplines Successfully Interact within an Organizational Environment Castro, João Student research poster 2008-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83941 Enterprise “Research”: Analytical and Empirical Methods for Enterprise Management Matty, LTC Doug Student research poster 2008-04-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83940 High Performance Hospital Enterprise Architecture Oliveira, Jorge Student research poster 2008-04-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83939 Enterprise Management System for the U.S. Army Matty, Douglas Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83938 System Perception and Coordination in Product Development Castro, Joao Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83935 High Performing Hospital Enterprise Architectures Fradinho Oliveira, Jorge Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83933 Collaborative Systems Thinking: Identifying the Enablers and Barriers of Higher-level Systems Thinking in Aerospace Engineering Teams Twomey Lamb, Caroline Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83932 Brown Field System Architecting: Driving Commonality Across Unmanned Aircraft Systems Long, Lt. Col. David Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83931 Exploring Dynamic Enterprise and Product Architecture Tradespaces Roberts, Christopher J. Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83926 Exploring Dynamic Enterprise and Product Architecture Tradespaces Roberts, Christopher J. Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83925 Commonality in Enterprise Product Development Processes Rupani, Sidharth Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83923 Characterizing the Enterprise of Military Systems Acquisition Wirthlin, Robb Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83922 Metrics for Enterprise Transformation Blackburn, Craig D. Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83920 Operational Flexibility in Complex Enterprises: Case Studies from Recent Military Operations Dickmann, John Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83919 Metric Commonality and its Application in Aircraft Engines Friedman, Alissa Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83918 Structure and Dynamics of FLOSS Communities: IT Enabled Enterprise Integration & Transformation Gagne, Danny Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83917 Designing a Health Treatment Network: Optimizing Performance in the Modern Health Care Delivery System Peck, Jordan S. Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83915 Codifying the Invisible, Further Enabling Lean Transformation Sisto, Gwendolyn Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83913 Application of Portfolio Management Theory: Managing the US Air Force Acquisition Portfolio Vixama, Chez Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83912 Globally Distributed Product Development: Role of Product Characteristics on the What, Where and How Makumbe, Pedzi; Seering, Prof. Warren 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83910 Mission Emphasis and the Determination of Needs for New Weapon Systems Gillespie, Dan Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83909 The Lean Innovation Roadmap - A Systematic Approach to Introducing Lean in Product Development Processes and Establishing a Learning Organization Hoppmann, Joern Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83908 Developing a Culture of Lean in Supply Planning Operations (SPO) Olschewsky, Scott Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83907 Enabling Lean Behavior Through Customer-Focused Metrics SEN, Avijit Student research poster 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83902 Organizational Assessment Processes for Lean Enterprise Transformation Abdimomunova, Leyla Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83900 Portfolio Risk Index: Characterizing Risk at the Portfolio Level Bukhari, Hassan Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83899 Metric Commonality Across an Operating Life Cycle Friedman, Alissa Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83898 Adaptive Test Strategies Using PATFrame Hess, John T. Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83896 Organizational Assessment: An Essential Tool for Enterprise Transformation Perkins, L. Nathan Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83895 Application of Prediction Markets for Cost and Risk Assessment in Defense Acquisition Programs Aggarwal, Taroon Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83894 Standardization in Enterprise Product Development Processes Rupani, Sidharth Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83893 Assessing Stakeholder Salience Through the View of Lean Enterprise Transformation Sisto, Gwendolyn Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83892 Cost and Risk Considerations for Testing Unmanned and Autonomous Systems of Systems Deonandan, Indira; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83891 High Performing Hospital Enterprise Architecture Fradinho Oliveira, Jorge Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83889 Finding Opportunities for Commonality Across Complex Systems: A Study of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Long, Lt. Col. David Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83888 Enterprise Architecture Shapes Stakeholder Salience Influence on Enterprise Value-creation Matty, Douglas M. Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting, Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83886 Gaining Control and Predictability MIT ESD of Complex Health Care Systems Through Patient Classification Peck, Jordan Student research poster, LAI Annual Meeting Dana Point, CA 2010-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83884 Next Generation Travel System Silva, Hector Student research poster, Leaders for Global Operations (LGO) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83883 Simulation Modeling to Predict Drug Pipeline Throughput Heyman, Jeff Student research poster, Leaders for Global Operations (LGO) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83882 Lean Implementation in a Globally Dispersed Organization Katyal, Abhishek Student research poster, Leaders for Global Operations (LGO) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83881 Integrating Lean with CMMI using VBS Bakare, Oladapo Student research poster 2010-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83880 Facilitating Patient Flow in a Health Care Delivery Chain Peck, Jordan Student research poster, Engineering Systems Student Society 8th Annual Poster Session 2010-11-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83879 An Improved Long-Term Production Planning Process McIntosh, Tim Student research poster, Leaders for Global Operations (LGO) 2011-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83878 Needs Elicitation for Complex Systems Engineering Sheard, Sarah; Rhodes, Donna This practice builds on the sound systems engineering practice for needs elicitation. It extends the practice to emphasize important considerations, strategies, and key questions to consider. The practice ensures needs elicitation is conducted throughout the evolving system’s lifecycle, involving a large set of stakeholders, who may have changing needs as the system evolves. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83877 Good Practices Series Template Lean Advancement Initiative Good practices series template https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83876 Systems Engineering Leading Indicators Guide - Beta Release Roedler, Garry; Rhodes, Donna This document is the beta release of the Systems Engineering Leading Indicators Guide. This project was initiated by the Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) Consortium in cooperation with the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE). Leading measurement and systems engineering experts from government, industry, and academia volunteered their time to work on this initiative. Government and industry organizations are encouraged to tailor the information in this document for their purposes, and may incorporate this material into internal guidance documents. Please cite the original source and release level (currently beta) for traceability and baseline control purposes. 2005-12-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83875 Best Life Cycle Value, the F/A-18E/F, and the Lean Enterprise Model Stanke, Alexis Lean Aerospace Initiative Implementing Lean PD Workshop presentation 2000-09-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83873 Enabling Factors in Successful Product Development Tang, Victor; Liu, Bing; Kellam, Benjamin A.; Otto, Kevin N.; Seeing, Warren P. The research literature and industry best-practices report a vast number of enabling factors that contribute to successful product development (PD). Collectively this body of work also establishes the causal linkages between these enabling factors and overall success in PD. But what specific factors will produce what specific outcomes are vague and ambiguous. To address this apparent void, we find distinct sets of PD enabling factors that are statistically accurate predictors of the specific project outcomes of profit, market share, customer satisfaction, organizational effectiveness, and product quality. We are also motivated to help organizations improve their PD. To that end, we develop a diagnostic tool using the factors that predict our five PD outcomes. This tool is used to pinpoint weaknesses and focus on improvements to achieve specific desired outcomes. Results of in situ testing of the tool are reported in this article. The guiding principles of this work are specificity and actionability: specific enabling factors that can produce specific results, and an actionable diagnostic-tool that practitioners can use to improve the practice and results of their PD projects. 2005-08-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83871 LAI Research Studies Applicable to Acquisition Nightingale, Debbie; Srinivasan, Jayakanth This publication contains abstracts for past research projects related to acquisition completed within the LAI research group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2004-11-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83842 Strategies for Lean Product Development Walton, Myles There are six modules into which the LAI product development research has been organized. Module I is used to provide a fundamental framework of lean and its application to product development. Module II identifies the impacts of organizational change on product development. Module III creates a more clear connection between lean and specific process steps in product development. Module IV introduces the research results that have been uncovered in the field of program planning and execution. Module V discusses the external environment relationships to the successful product development execution. Finally Module VI presents the tools and applications that have either been developed significantly researched through LAI In each of these modules overviews of the research results can be found. By no means is this an exhaustive text on the research results. The text is used to highlight and direct interest toward certain references. Instead, an exhaustive reference section (with annotation where possible) is included in each of the modules which contains not only research produced though LAI, but also contains research that has been conducted through the Center for Innovation in Product Development which directly pertains to similar topics. 1999-08-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83841 Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) MIT Research Studies Applicable to Systems Engineering Rebentisch, Dr. Eric; Rhodes, Dr. Donna This publication contains abstracts for past research thesis projects related to systems engineering completed within the LAI research group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2004-06-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83643 A Boundary Object Model to Analyze Communication Interfaces Fong, Allan Outline: • Problem Statement • Approach • Boundary Object Example • Previous Research Applications • FCS Case Study • Development of Boundary Object Framework • TMOS Case Study • Results • Implications • Recommendations • Conclusions 2007-08-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83629 Enterprise Transformation Research Summit Carroll, Prof. John; Nightingale, Prof. Debbie; Forthofer, Mr. Bill LAI 2009 Enterprise Transformation Research Summit overview 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83627 Predictors of Adoption of Measurement Tools Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo Billions of dollars are inefficiently spent on process improvement initiatives every year; even less is spent on addressing the organizational factors that can facilitate or hinder their adoption by organizations. This is partially due to the engineering approach to problem solving which is technology centric, the lack of understanding of the factors that drive successful adoption of new ideas, and the top-down approach to dissemination in organizations. What is needed is an organization centric approach that seeks to understand the context in which the methods and tools are to be used and how this context should influence the dissemination process. At the center of this is the compatibility between the organizational culture and the “culture” embedded in the methods and tools being adopted; two elements which were not necessarily architected with each other in mind. Much of their incompatibility results from the misaligned objectives between researchers that develop methods/tools and the practitioners that aim to adopt them. In order to identify the enablers and barriers to adoption, we provide examples of both successful and unsuccessful examples of process improvement initiatives. From the successful adoptions – particularly at BAE Systems and Raytheon – we identify the best attributes of an organization that increase their propensity to adopt as well as the particular attributes of methods and tools that make them more adoptable. From the unsuccessful cases we identify what attributes were unique about an organization and potential pitfalls of the methods and tools being considered. Ultimately, this research is aimed at improving the adoption rate of methods and tools to ensure a higher return on investment on process improvement initiatives. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83626 Modeling and Understanding Complex Enterprise Behavior using a Hybrid Simulation Approach Glazner, Christopher Today, the design of enterprises is much more art than science. The complex structure and behavior of enterprises makes it difficult to untangle cause and effect amidst the enterprise’s components and their relationships. In order for managers to understand how an enterprise’s architecture affects its behavior, they need tools and techniques to help them reduce the apparent complexity of the enterprise. The practice of enterprise architecting continues to make advances in this area with frameworks that can be used to guide the decomposition and communication of enterprise architectures, but it does not provide tools to analyze the potential behavior of a proposed enterprise architecture. This research seeks to extend the practice of enterprise architecting by developing an approach for creating simulation models of enterprise architectures that can be used for analyzing the architectural factors affecting enterprise behavior and performance. This approach matches the content of each of the “views” of an enterprise architecture framework with a suitable simulation methodology such as discrete event modeling, agent based modeling, or system dynamics, and then integrates these individual simulations into a single hybrid simulation model. The resulting model is a powerful analysis tool that can be used for “what-if” behavioral analysis of enterprise architectures. This approach was applied to create a hybrid simulation model of the enterprise architecture of a real-world aerospace enterprise. Model analysis revealed potential misalignments between the current enterprise architecture and its established strategy, and suggested relatively minor changes to the architecture that could be made to realize significant gains to enterprise performance. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83625 Enterprise Partnerships Nightingale, Debbie Overview of partnership model 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83623 Applying Enterprise Architecting within Army Transformation Nightingale, Prof. Debbie; Matty, LTC Doug Agenda: • Enterprise Architecting Overview • Applications • Aviation Center Logistic Command • OH-58 Kiowa Program • Aviation Enterprise • Future Work 2009-01-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83622 Architecting the Healthcare System for Stakeholder Value Fradinho Oliveira, Jorge The healthcare industry is a complex socio technical system comprised of multiple stakeholders driven by incentives, which often times are not aligned with one another, and with compromised ability to deliver to the patient the appropriate care, at the appropriate time, at the appropriate location, and at an adequate cost. In 2005, US healthcare expenses were more than 16% of the GDP, and hospital care alone accounted for the largest portion of expenditure 30.8%. As such, the strategies and operations developed and implemented by hospitals have a significant effect on access, quality, and cost of care, and thus the overarching focus of this research is hospitals. This talk will describe one of the ongoing innovative partnerships that the Lean Advancement Initiative has successful pursued with a leading multi disciplinary hospital in Boston, as we begin to explore how the emerging theoretical concept of Enterprise Architecture can help hospitals, and enterprises in general, in architecting themselves most adequately to fulfill their value proposition. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83620 Establishing Systems Competency in Enterprises: Recent Studies Rhodes, Dr. Donna H.; Lamb, Caroline T. The practice of systems engineering has evolved significantly over the past decade in response to new challenges, yet at the same time the engineering workforce has declined. Several studies also cite an erosion of engineering competency, particularly in government and aerospace/defense industry. The development of systems competency is critical; yet, we lack the empirical basis for developing a truly informed strategy for addressing this need. This talk will describe past and ongoing research on systems thinking and practice that is focused on informing the development of competency models and collaboration models. Competency models define the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by individual systems professionals in an enterprise. Collaboration models specify success factors for groups and teams within and across enterprises who collectively work on a common objective. Establishing systems competency in enterprises involves empirical studies and case based research for the purpose of understanding how to achieve more effective systems engineering practice through understanding of the context in which systems engineering is performed and understanding the factors underlying the competency of the systems workforce. The talk will discuss three recent and ongoing research studies with highlights of interim research outcomes. The first research effort is focused on building empirical knowledge of the enablers, barriers and precursors of the development of systems thinking in individual engineers, and thus far included a study within the aerospace industry (Davidz 2006), and extended in an exploratory study within an aerospace government agency. A second line of research is looking at effective socio-technical practices of collaborative distributed systems engineering, that is, where teams are non-geographically collocated (Utter 2007). A third research project (Lamb 2008/ongoing) seeks to develop an empirical basis for collaborative systems thinking, defined as “an emergent behavior of teams resulting from the interactions of team members and utilizing a variety of thinking styles, design processes, tools, and languages to consider system attributes, interrelationships, context and dynamics towards executing systems design”. These recent and ongoing LAI studies seek to impact the effectiveness of individuals and groups to strengthen performance of modern enterprises involved in acquiring and developing complex systems. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83619 Learning From Case Studies: A Case Study of Lean Transformation at Rockwell Collins Roth, George; Srinivasan, Jayakanth Case studies are one of LAI's methods for engaging with sponsors in conducting research. Case studies involve interacting with people in examining, describing, analyzing, and documenting significant events, their pre-conditions, and the outcomes of their lean efforts so that others can understand and learn from them. The session describes LAI's use of interviews, firm data, and other sources in its case study methods. This case involved interacting with Rockwell Collins' leaders, managers, and workers to study their lean changes, providing feedback, and documenting their experiences in the case study. The case study in used in teaching students, and along with other case studies for developing general theories, practices and methods on lean enterprise change and transformation. The original LAI Rockwell Collins case study, completed by LAI researchers in 2006, describes changes from 1996, when lean efforts were just beginning. The Lean Electronics (TM) program was defined and began in 1998, and was complemented by numerous other initiatives. These other efforts complemented and leveraged lean changes and each other, and, as the case study describes, lead to steady, cumulative, and significant improvement. Based on its continued efforts, Rockwell Collins were involved in lean changes and identified new opportunities for improvement. The many cumulative and emergent change was the basis of Rockwell Collins' lean transformation. The case study, written by LAI researchers, was reviewed, discussed, and validated by Rockwell Collins' managers. The reflection that came from interviews and the case write up contributed to Rockwell Collins' managers understanding of their past efforts. Building on the work on understanding Lean Transformation at Rockwell Collins, the second presentation focuses on understanding how the enterprise has evolved at two levels: the Strategic Enterprise Level, and the Tactical Innovation Level. Drawing primarily on publicly available data such as annual reports, SEC filings, investor calls, and other literature, we see strong evidence to support the view that Rockwell Collins is strategically architected to meet the long-term vision of the enterprise, while sufficiently retaining sufficient flexibility to meet near-term challenges. We frame this strategic view using the principles of enterprise thinking. From an innovation perspective, they have created a system of innovation that enables employee engagement, is driven by an effective governance model, and at the same time leverages improvements in the external environment. Using the examples of their 10X program, and case examples of synthetic vision and cognitive radio, we highlight both the importance and the effectiveness of the extant innovation system. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83618 Making the Transition to Lean Product Development Rebentisch, Eric Our understanding of the application of lean principles in product development (PD) is relatively new—similar perhaps to industry understanding of lean principles shortly after The Machine That Changed the World was published nearly 20 years ago. A few descriptions of Toyota and Toyota-like practices in PD have emerged recently, but there has been no systematic examination of whether simply adopting these practices are sufficient to result in higher performance, and no effort has been made to date to link these practices to the vast existing knowledge base on best practices in PD. Finally, while PD practices associated with lean have been described, there is no discussion of how those practices might be implemented in an organizational setting different from Toyota, as well as the implications for PD interfaces to the greater enterprise, or how that transition would unfold over time. This presentation will describe an evolving research framework to understand the practices that would be part of a lean product development enterprise and how the leaders of that enterprise would select transition paths and milestones on the lean implementation journey. It will discuss research efforts underway to validate and refine the framework and principles. Two of the studies are based on surveys of PD enterprises around the world. One of the studies investigates the relationship between a wide range of PD practices (including those associated with Toyota) and organizational performance outcomes to identify which practices provide the greatest performance impact. The second study is examining the order in which lean principles are implemented in PD systems, and what interdependencies might exist between practices as they are implemented. A case study-based research effort will be discussed that is currently following one PD enterprise through its multi-year transition to more lean, high-performance PD, and understanding the steps along the way, as well as the organizational, management, and workforce issues that enable or inhibit that transition. These and other studies currently underway at LAI seek to expand our understanding of how PD system leaders might implement and benefit from lean principles and practices in their PD systems. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83617 Identifying Enterprise Leverage Points in Defense Acquisition Program Performance Wirthlin, Major Robb *The views expressed in this talk are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense (DoD), or the U.S. Government. Acquisition Program performance has been subjected to scrutiny over the years due to accusations of poor budget execution and schedule adherence. Several studies indicate many acquisition programs suffer from at least 30% schedule slip and cost growth. This figure has remained virtually static (or trends worse) despite several decades of reform actions of varying scope and complexity. Reflecting upon the program growth, a Lean Enterprise perspective helps to reframe the problem of these acquisition program outcomes as one of being emergent behaviors of a larger Defense Acquisition Enterprise “System.” This talk will describe recent research results and ongoing efforts towards identifying leverage points in the so-called “Big-A” (versus “little-a”) of the Acquisition system. The research uses a grounded theory approach to model overall acquisition system behavior using abstractions of key processes and decisions of the US Air Force’s implementation of defense acquisition directives. The development of a model of the overall US Air Force Product Development process, including those portions of responsibility and authority that do not reside in the acquisition system, is an outcome of several research thrusts aimed at understanding enterprise system behaviors and identification and application of unique enterprise constructs. The talk will discuss the results of research identifying the actual state of practice within the US Air Force. Initially, acquisition personnel at all levels were interviewed regarding the way the system operates. The emergent themes were not especially surprising. They reveal resource constraints and requirements changes contribute to poor outcomes. The consequences of these issues manifest themselves through schedule and cost growth. However, they are not necessarily the root causes. The themes reflect a system that is constantly in a fire-fighting mode, trying to keep every project going despite little understanding of the system capacity required to proceed. These results underscored the need to look beyond the traditional boundaries of acquisition and helped define the objectives for the next round of interviews. This set of interviews included user representatives, individuals working within the requirements definition system and the financial system, and finally, contractors responsible for delivery of a program. Distilling all of this information, an enterprise model of system processes and decision points was created, leading to another set of interviews and research to validate the form, substance and scope of the model. This research approach not only suggests a methodology on how to examine large, complex enterprise systems, but has the potential to become a powerful tool suggesting possible enterprise leverage points that otherwise may be overlooked by more traditional, narrower approaches. It represents another addition to the growing toolkit of LAI Enterprise Products enabling a richer understanding and analyses of enterprise processes. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83615 Facilitating Communities of Practice and Benchmarking Shields, Tom A robust way that LAI stays connected with the consortium is its interactions with groups of people around certain topical areas of interest. These communities of practice have developed products such as the Supplier Networks Transformation Toolset as well as being the nexus for thinking about lean in different settings such as the Product Development Community of Practice. More recently there has been energy around enterprise metrics which is motivating the initiation of its own community of practice. Each of these communities shares a common desire to share information, knowledge, and application experiences within its informal membership. LAI as a neutral broker can pull together these communities for beneficial results for industry and government members. Benchmarking is often used to gather information and motivate action. From the beginnings of LAI benchmarking has been important with Factory Operations and Supplier major benchmarking efforts. Essentially all LAI research efforts are a kind of fact gathering that contributes to knowledge in a benchmarking sense. Some research projects of course are more focused but in aggregate the research process is very supportive of benchmarking objectives. LAI also offers benchmarking opportunities and participation that is either requested by members or fortuitous by association. An example in the latter case is the collaboration between LAI researchers and McKinsey to collect data on product development practices and correlate that information to performance outcomes. 2009-01-21T00:00:00Z