https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114980 Sat, 11 Apr 2026 13:56:06 GMT 2026-04-11T13:56:06Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131248 Abordar la desigualdad: el primer paso más allá del COVID-19 y hacia la sostenibilidad Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hall, Ralph P.; Arango-Quiroga, Johan; Metaxas, Kyriakos A.; Showalter, Amy L. La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado a miles de millones de vidas en todo el mundo y ha revelado y agravado las desigualdades sociales y económicas que han surgido durante las últimas décadas. A medida que los gobiernos consideran las estrategias económicas y de salud pública para responder a la crisis, es fundamental también abordar las debilidades de sus sistemas económicos y sociales que inhibieron su capacidad para responder de manera integral a la pandemia. Estas mismas debilidades también han socavado los esfuerzos para promover la igualdad y la sostenibilidad. Este documento explora más de 30 intervenciones en las siguientes nueve categorías de cambio que tienen el potencial de abordar la desigualdad, brindan acceso a todos los ciudadanos a bienes y servicios esenciales, y avanzar en el progreso hacia la sostenibilidad: (1) Transferencias de ingresos y riqueza para facilitar un aumento equitativo del poder adquisitivo / ingresos disponibles; (2) ensanchamiento de la propiedad de los trabajadores y ciudadanos de los medios de producción y prestación de servicios, permitiendo a las empresas que la obtención de beneficios se distribuya de forma más equitativa; (3) cambios en el suministro de bienes y servicios esenciales para más ciudadanos; (4) cambios en la demanda de bienes y servicios más sostenibles deseados por la gente; (5) estabilizar y asegurar el empleo y la fuerza laboral; (6) reducir el desproporcionado poder de las corporaciones y los más ricos en el mercado y el sistema político a través de la expansión y la aplicación de la ley antimonopolio de modo que el dominio de unas pocas empresas en sectores críticos ya no prevalezca (7) provisión gubernamental de bienes y servicios esenciales como educación, atención médica, vivienda, alimentación y movilidad; (8) una reasignación del gasto público entre operaciones militares y necesidades sociales domésticas; y (9) suspender o reestructurar la deuda de los países emergentes y en desarrollo países. Cualquier intervención que se centre en hacer crecer la economía también debe ir acompañada de aquellos que compensan los compromisos resultantes para la salud, la seguridad y el medio ambiente del aumento consumo insostenible. Este documento compara e identifica las intervenciones que deben ser consideradas como un primer paso fundamental importante para ir más allá de la pandemia COVID-19 y hacia la sostenibilidad. En este sentido, proporciona un conjunto integral de estrategias que podrían promover avances hacia un componente del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 10 para reducir la desigualdad dentro de los países. Sin embargo, las intervenciones candidatas también se contrastan con los 17 ODS para revelar posibles áreas problemáticas/compensaciones que pueden necesitar una atención cuidadosa. Wed, 01 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131248 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131101 Evolving Algorithms for Sustainable Development: Technology, Policy, and Environment Ashford, Nicholas A. Ashford, Nicholas (2016). “Evolving Algorithms for Sustainable Development: Technology, Policy, and Environment” Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ayyib5THzxw&feature=youtu.be Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131101 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131081 Broadening Capital Acquisition with the Earnings of Capital as a Means of Sustainable Growth and Environmental Sustainability Ashford, Robert; Hall, Ralph; Ashford, Nicholas A. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131081 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131050 The Crisis in Employment and Consumer Demand: Reconciliation with Environmental Sustainability Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hall, Ralph; Ashford, Robert This paper argues that a sustainable industrial system depends not only on good environmental and public health outcomes, but also on sustainable employment and earning capacity in a sustainable economic system. These concerns are likely to dominate future national political debates, requiring responses that increase the earning capacity of individuals through changes in the nature of work and employment, and in the ownership of productive capital. Making the economy greener, while certainly necessary for long-term economic and societal survival, does not necessarily mean more and better paying jobs on a large enough scale to make serious progress to reducing unemployment and underemployment. At present, national and global reforms are focused on improving the financial system, which is not synonymous with reforming the economic system or improving the economic status of individual citizens. This paper discusses specific policies and initiatives that need to be considered to ensure sustainable employment and livelihoods. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131050 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131048 Major Challenges To Education for Sustainable Development: Can the Current Nature of Institutions of Higher Education Hope to Educate the Change Agents Needed for Sustainable Development? Ashford, Nicholas A. Scholars and professionals committed to fostering sustainable development have urged a re-examination of the curriculum and the restructuring of research in engineering-focused institutions of higher learning. The focus is on engineering, more than on the natural and physical sciences or on social science, because the activities that drive the industrial state – the activities that implement scientific advance – are generally rooted in engineering. Moreover, engineers are known as ‘problem solvers’ and if economies are becoming unsustainable because of engineering, it is natural to ask whether engineering as an activity and as a profession can be re-directed toward achieving sustainable transformations. Of course, engineering can not do it alone; scientific as well as social and legal changes must occur as well. This paper addresses the challenges ahead, if this optimistic vision is to be more than wishful thinking. Following a treatment of the philosophical and intellectual foundations of technological, organizational, social, and pedagogical innovation necessary for sustainable transformations of existing institutions and mindsets, this paper ends by addressing the following themes and questions: (1) How can multi- and trans-disciplinary research and teaching coexist in a meaningful way in today’s university structures? (2) Does education relevant to sustainable development require its own protected incubating environment to survive, or will it otherwise be gobbled up and marginalized by attempting to instill it throughout the traditional curriculum and traditional disciplines? (3) How can difficulties in linking the needed teaching and research be overcome? (4) Even if there exist technical options to do so, how can it be made safe for courageous students to take educational paths different from traditional tracks? (5) What can we learn from comparative analysis of universities in different nations and environments? and (6) What roles can national and EU governments have in accelerating the needed changes? Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131048 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131033 Pathways to Sustainable Industrial Transformations: Cooptimizing Competitiveness, Employment, and Environment Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hafkamp, Wim; Frits, Prakke; Philip, Vergragt Sat, 30 Jun 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131033 2001-06-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131029 Government and Innovation in Europe and North America Ashford, Nicholas A. This article challenges certain tenets of the theories of reflexive law and ecological modernization. While far-sighted prevention-oriented and structural changes are needed, some proponents of these theories argue that the very industries and firms that create environmental problems can, through continuous institutional learning; the application of life cycle analysis; dialogue and networks with stakeholders; and implementation of "environmental management systems," be transformed into sustainable industries and firms. While useful, these reforms are insufficient. It is not marginal or incremental changes that are needed for sustainability, but rather major product, process, and system transformations – often beyond the capacity of the dominant industries and firms. This article also questions the alleged failure of regulation to stimulate needed technological changes, and identifies the conditions under which innovation for sustainability can occur. Finally, it discusses differences in needed policies for industrialized and developing countries. Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131029 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130918 Encouraging Inherently Safer Production in European Firms: A Report from the Field Ashford, Nicholas A.; Zwetsloot, Gerard It is now generally recognized that in order to make significant advances in accident prevention, the focus of industrial firms must shift from assessing the risks of existing production and manufacturing systems to discovering technological alternatives, i.e. from the identification of problems to the identification of solutions. Encouraging the industrial firm to perform (1) an inherent safety opportunity audit (ISOA) to identify where inherently safer technology is needed, and (2) a technology options analysis (TOA) and to identify specific inherently safer options will advance the adoption of primary prevention strategies that will alter production systems so that there are less inherent safety risks. Experience gained from a methodology to encourage inherently safer production in industrial firms in the Netherlands and Greece is discussed. Successful approaches require both technological and managerial changes. Firms must have the willingness, opportunity, and the capability to change. Implications for the EU Seveso, IPPC, and EMAS Directives are also discussed. Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130918 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130884 Exploiting Opportunities for Pollution Prevention in EPA Enforcement Agreements Becker, Monica; Ashford, Nicholas A. Sun, 01 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130884 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130877 The Encouragement of Technological Change for Preventing Chemical Accidents: Moving Firms from Secondary Prevention and Mitigation to Primary Prevention Ashford, Nicholas A.; Gobbell, James; Lachman, Judith; Matthiesen, Mary; Minzner, Ann; Stone, Robert Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130877 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130627 REDUCING PHYSICAL HAZARDS: ENCOURAGING INHERENTLY SAFER PRODUCTION Ashford, Nicholas A. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130627 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130626 De-[Constructing] Growth: Decoupling Profits from Unsustainable Production Ashford, Nicholas A. De-[Constructing] Growth” is offered as a more nuanced conceptualization that avoids the negative connotations of, and resistance to, “degrowth” by decoupling profit from unsustainable consumption, production, and inequality. Thu, 12 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130626 2017-01-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130625 Addressing Inequality: The First Step Beyond COVID-19 and Towards Sustainability Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hall, Ralph; Arango-Quiroga, Johan; Metaxas, Kyriakos; Showalter, Amy The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted billions of lives across the world and has revealed and worsened the social and economic inequalities that have emerged over the past several decades. As governments consider public health and economic strategies to respond to the crisis, it is critical they also address the weaknesses of their economic and social systems that inhibited their ability to respond comprehensively to the pandemic. These same weaknesses have also undermined efforts to advance equality and sustainability. This paper explores over 30 interventions across the following nine categories of change that hold the potential to address inequality, provide all citizens with access to essential goods and services, and advance progress towards sustainability: (1) Income and wealth transfers to facilitate an equitable increase in purchasing power/disposable income; (2) broadening worker and citizen ownership of the means of production and supply of services, allowing corporate profit-taking to be more equitably distributed; (3) changes in the supply of essential goods and services for more citizens; (4) changes in the demand for more sustainable goods and services desired by people; (5) stabilizing and securing employment and the workforce; (6) reducing the disproportionate power of corporations and the very wealthy on the market and political system through the expansion and enforcement of antitrust law such that the dominance of a few firms in critical sectors no longer prevails; (7) government provision of essential goods and services such as education, healthcare, housing, food, and mobility; (8) a reallocation of government spending between military operations and domestic social needs; and (9) suspending or restructuring debt from emerging and developing countries. Any interventions that focus on growing the economy must also be accompanied by those that offset the resulting compromises to health, safety, and the environment from increasing unsustainable consumption. This paper compares and identifies the interventions that should be considered as an important foundational first step in moving beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and towards sustainability. In this regard, it provides a comprehensive set of strategies that could advance progress towards a component of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 to reduce inequality within countries. However, the candidate interventions are also contrasted with all 17 SDGs to reveal potential problem areas/tradeoffs that may need careful attention. Fri, 03 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130625 2020-07-03T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127659 Covid-19 Could Be an Opportunity to Combat Inequality Hall, Ralph; Ashford, Nicholas A. Tue, 04 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127659 2020-08-04T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117079 Achieving Global Climate and Environmental Goals by Governmental Regulatory Targeting Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hall, R.P. Strategic niche management and transition management have been promoted as useful avenues to pursue in order to achieve both specific product or process changes and system transformation by focusing on technology development through evolutionary and co-evolutionary processes, guided by government and relevant stakeholders. However, these processes are acknowledged to require decades to achieve their intended changes, a timeframe that is too long to adequately address many of the environmental and social issues many industrialized and industrializing nations are facing. An approach that involves incumbents and does not consider targets that look beyond reasonably foreseeable technology is likely to advance a model where incumbents evolve rather than being replaced or displaced. On the other hand, approaches that focus on creating new entrants could nurture niche development or deployment of disruptive technologies, but those technologies may only be marginally better than the technologies they replace. Either approach may take a long time to achieve their goals. Sustainable development requires both radical disruptive technological and institutional changes, the latter including stringent regulation, the integration of disparate goals, and changes in incentives to enable new voices to contribute to new systems and solutions. This paper outlines options for a strong governmental role in setting future sustainability goals and the pathways for achieving them. Mon, 08 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117079 2018-01-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116846 Evaluation of the Relevance for Worker Health and Safety of Existing Environmental Technology Data-bases for Cleaner and Inherently Safer Technologies: A Report to the European Commission Ashford, Nicholas A.; Banoutsos, I.; Christiansen, K.; Hummelmose, B.; Stratikopoulos, D. Mon, 01 Apr 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116846 1996-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116844 Policy Considerations for Anticipating and Preventing Accidents Ashford, Nicholas A. Tue, 01 Jan 1991 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116844 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116843 The Art Of The Possible: The Feasibility of Recycling Standards for Packaging Stone, R.F.; Ashford, Nicholas A.; Lomax, G. Fri, 01 Feb 1991 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116843 1991-02-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116842 Designing the Sustainable Enterprise: Research Needs and Policy Implications for a Sustainable Future Ashford, Nicholas A.; Meima, R. Mon, 01 Nov 1993 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116842 1993-11-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116790 The Design of Programs to Encourage Hazardous Waste Reduction: An Incentives Analysis Ashford, Nicholas A.; Cazakos, A.; Stone, R. F.; Wessel, K. Fri, 21 Oct 1988 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116790 1988-10-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116781 Package Deal: The Economic Impacts of Recycling Standards for Packaging in Massachusetts Stone, Robert F.; Ashford, Nicholas A. Fri, 01 Mar 1991 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116781 1991-03-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116780 Recycling the Plastic Package Ashford, Nicholas A.; Stone, Robert F.; Sagar, Ambuj D. Examines the problems and progress in the field of plastics recycling. Statistics on plastic packaging disposal; Advances in plastic recycling; The initial start; The next stage, packaging production; Aid from manufacturers; The wide variety of resins; Design modifications; A recycling innovation that works; Separating different plastics; Resin recovery systems; Chemical processes; Government policies needed. INSET: Red herrings. Wed, 01 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116780 1992-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116779 Encouraging the Use of Pollution Prevention in Enforcement Settlements Becker, Monica M.; Ashford, Nicholas A. Mon, 01 May 1995 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116779 1995-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116778 Identification of Pollution Prevention (P2) Technologies for Possible Inclusion in Enforcement Agreements Using Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) and Injunctive Relief Final Report Ashford, Nicholas A.; Stratikopoulos, Dimitrios M. Sat, 01 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116778 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116689 A Framework for Examining the Effects of Industrial Funding on Academic Freedom and the Integrity of the University Ashford, Nicholas A. Sun, 01 Apr 1984 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/116689 1984-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115900 Policies for the Promotion of Inherent Safety Ashford, Nicholas A. Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115900 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115898 The Transformation of the Industrial State During a Perfect Storm Ashford, Nicholas A. Wed, 25 May 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115898 2016-05-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115871 Assessing and rationalizing the management of a portfolio of clean technologies: experience from a French environmental fund and a World Bank Cleaner Production demonstration project in China. Peltier, Nicolas P.; Ashford, Nicholas A. Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115871 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115865 Inherently Safer Production, a natural complement to cleaner production Zwetsloot, Gerard I.J.M.; Ashford, Nicholas A. Sun, 01 Dec 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115865 2002-12-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115859 Regulation-Induced Innovation for Sustainable Development Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hall, Ralph, P. Sun, 01 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115859 2012-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115851 The new TSCA: challenges remain Ashford, Nicholas A. Mon, 01 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115851 2017-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115847 Don’t Be Surprised by the Explosion Near Houston. We’ve Cut Corners on Chemical Safety for Years. Ashford, Nicholas A. Tue, 05 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115847 2017-09-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115577 Low-Level Chemical Exposures: A Challenge for Science and Policy Ashford, Nicholas A.; Miller, Claudia S. Sun, 01 Nov 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115577 1998-11-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115576 Technology -Focused Regulatory Approaches for Encouraging Sustainable Industrial Transformations: Beyond green, beyond the dinosaurs, and beyond evolutionary theory. Ashford, Nicholas A. Tue, 22 May 2018 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115576 2018-05-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115236 De-[Constructing] Growth: Decoupling Profits from Unsustainable Production Ashford, Nicholas A. Thu, 12 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115236 2017-01-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115235 Commentary on "The Degrowth Initiative" Ashford, Nicholas A. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115235 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115057 Making Serious Inroads into Achieving Global Climate Goals: Disrupting Innovation Driven by Governmental Regulatory Targeting, Not Slow Guided Incremental Innovation Involving Incumbents is What is Needed to Transform the Industrial State Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hall, Ralph, P. Strategic Niche Management and Transition Management have been promoted as useful avenues to pursue in order to achieve both specific product or process changes and system transformation by focusing on technology development through evolutionary and co-evolutionary processes, guided by government and relevant stakeholders. However, these processes are acknowledged to require decades to achieve their intended changes, a timeframe that is too long to adequately address many of the environmental and social issues we are facing. An approach that involves incumbents and does not consider targets that look beyond reasonably foreseeable technology is likely to advance a model where incumbents evolve rather than being replaced or displaced. Sustainable development requires both disruptive technological and institutional changes, the latter including stringent regulation, integration beyond coordination of disparate goals, and changes in incentives to enable new voices to contribute to integrated systems and solutions. This paper outlines options for a strong governmental role in setting future sustainability goals and the pathways for achieving them. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115057 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115053 Making Serious Inroads into Achieving Sustainable Development: Is Strategic Niche Management/Transition Management Sufficient to Transform the Industrial State? Ashford, Nicholas A.; Hall, Ralph, P. Strategic Niche Management and Transition Management have been promoted as useful avenues to pursue in order to achieve both specific product or process changes and system transformation by focusing on technology development through evolutionary and coevolutionary processes, guided by government and relevant stakeholders. However, these process are acknowledged to require decades to achieve their intended changes, a timeframe that is too long for many of the environmental and social issues we are facing. An approach that involves incumbents and does not consider targets that look beyond reasonably foreseeable technology is likely to advance a model where incumbents evolve rather than being replaced or displaced. Sustainable development requires both disruptive technological and institutional changes, the latter including stringent regulation, integration beyond coordination of disparate goals, and changes in incentives to enable new voices to contribute to integrated systems and solutions. This paper outlines options for a strong governmental role in setting future sustainability goals and the pathways for achieving them. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115053 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114998 De-[Constructing] Growth Ashford, Nicholas A. “De-[Constructing] Growth” is offered as a more nuanced conceptualization that avoids the negative connotations of, and resistance to, “degrowth” by decoupling profit from unsustainable consumption, production, and inequality. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114998 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z