https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80741 Wed, 08 Apr 2026 15:51:40 GMT 2026-04-08T15:51:40Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146741 Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) Supplier Networks Working Group, Proposed Lean Supply Chain Now Concept Demonstration Initiative Bozdogan, Kirkor; Akhbari, Hamid; Darden, Chris This presentation provides an overview of the proposed Lean Supply Chain Now concept demonstration initiative. The overall objective is to enable the development of lean, value-creating, U.S. aerospace supplier networks. The objective of this particular proposed initiative is to develop a validated deployment model for redesigning and streamlining vertical interfaces in the aerospace supplier base to achieve significant performance improvements (cost, quality, delivery). Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146741 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146740 Modeling-enabled Design of Enterprise Transformation: Implications for Complex Enterprise Systems Architecting and Engineering Bozdogan, Kirkor This is a presentation given at the MITRE-MIT Enterprise Modeling Exchange Conference, MITRE Corp., McLean, VA, September 25-26, 2008. The presentation traces the causes of the failure of most enterprise transformation efforts, presents a new way of thinking about enterprise change and transformation, outlines a proposed conceptual framework for enterprise transformation by design, concentrating on the “fuzzy-front-end,” describes how enterprise modeling and simulation can help, and shows the links between modeling and specific change regimes, objectives, and change strategies. The presentation further maps model selection to enterprise state-space-contingent design targets and change strategies, by employing the concept of fitness landscapes from evolutionary biology. Finally, looking forward, the presentation defines complex enterprise systems science, architecting, and engineering as emerging new field of study requiring interdisciplinary research. Thu, 25 Sep 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146740 2008-09-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146739 Overview of LAI’s Suppliers Networks Transformation Toolset (Version 1.0) Bozdogan, Kirkor This is a PowerPoint overview of LAI ‘s main supplier networks transformation toolset (Version 1.0) developed by LAI’s Supplier Networks Working Group. The toolset was finalized and issued in 2004, after an extensive alpha and beta testing process. It expands the earlier (1995) supplier networks framework. The toolset was “pulled” by a growing need expressed by the LAI consortium members for an integrated framework addressing the following types of questions: (a) what are the lean supply chain management concepts and practices; (b) how do we develop lean supplier networks; (c) how do we assess where we are in evolving lean supply chain management capabilities?  The toolset contains two major, integrated, components: Roadmap for Building Lean Supplier Networks (The Roadmap Tool), and Supplier Management Self-Assessment Tool. The Self-Assessment Tool has two versions: Version A is for the use of large system-integration enterprises as well as major suppliers. Version B, a condensed version of the main self-assessment tool, is developed for the use of smaller supplier organizations. An attachment to this PowerPoint overview document presents a listing of the pertinent LAI sponsored master’s and doctoral theses concentrating on various aspects of supply chain management, as well as pertinent LAI papers and publications, providing research support for the two components. Tue, 22 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146739 2005-03-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84576 System Perspective and Lean Coordination: The Case of Open Source Software Castro, Joao The Case of Open Source Software Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84576 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84575 Improving Enterprise Decision-Making: The Benefits of Metric Commonality Friedman, Alissa H. LAI Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Thu, 07 Oct 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84575 2010-10-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84574 Understanding Enterprise Behavior Using a Hybrid Simulation of Enterprise Architecture Glazner, Dr. Chris LAI Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Wed, 05 May 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84574 2010-05-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84573 Increasing System Value through Flexibility McConnell, Joshua Webex Presentation for LAI Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84573 2010-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84571 Identifying Leverage Points in Defense System Acquisition Wirthlin, Robb; Rebentisch, Dr. Eric LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84571 2010-01-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84569 Understanding Enterprise Behavior Using a Hybrid Simulation of Enterprise Architecture Glazner, Dr. Chris LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Wed, 05 May 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84569 2010-05-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84567 Using Prediction to Improve Patient Flow in a Health Care Delivery Chain Peck, Jordan Technology Management and Policy Graduate Consortium presentation Sun, 26 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84567 2011-06-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84566 Improving Enterprise Decision-Making: The Benefits of Measure Commonality Friedman, Alissa H. PSM User's Conference presentation Wed, 28 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84566 2010-07-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84565 Enterprise Systems Principles Nightingale, Prof. Debbie International Engineering Systems Symposium presentation Wed, 17 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84565 2009-06-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84563 Driving Open Innovation: Learning from Three Cases Srinivasan, Jayakanth "JK" PRI presentation Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84563 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84562 Architecting Lean Software Enterprises: The TODC Story Srinivasan, Jayakanth "JK" SMS presentation Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84562 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84561 Real Options “In” a Micro Air Vehicle System Wilds, Jennifer M.; Bartolomei, Jason E.; de Neufville, Richard; Hastings, Daniel E. The Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84561 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84559 Promoting Collaborative Systems Thinking Through the Alignment of Culture and Process: Initial Results Twomey Lamb, Caroline; Rhodes, Donna H. The Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Thu, 15 Mar 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84559 2007-03-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84557 The Tradespace Exploration Paradigm Ross, Adam M.; Hastings, Daniel E. Over the past five years, researchers working on a number of system design projects in the Space Systems, Policy, and Architecture Research Consortium (SSPARC) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a process of value-focused, broad tradespace exploration for the development of space systems. The broad tradespace framework has provided insights into communicating and quantifying the impact of changing requirements, uncertainty, and system properties such as flexibility and robustness. Additionally, insights have been made in applications to more complex cases, such as analyzing policy effects on system cost and performance, as well as understanding the time-dependent effects of architecture and design choices for spiral development. The tradespace exploration paradigm both broadens the perspective of designers in conceptual design to better understand the “physics” of the proposed solutions relative to one another, and focuses the designer on delivering systems of value to key system stakeholders. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84557 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84556 Convergence of Expert Opinion via the Wideband Delphi Method: An Application in Cost Estimation Models Valerdi, Ricardo This paper discusses the notion of collective intelligence through the application of the Wideband Delphi method as a way to obtain convergence among a group of experts. The specific application is the definition and calibration of cost estimation models that use data collected from experts as part of their calibration. Convergence is important in this case because companies need to commit to cost estimates early in the planning cycle since so many other decisions are dependent on it. Our results demonstrate that, in most cases, convergence among experts can be achieved after three rounds of the Wideband Delphi. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84556 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84553 The Human Element of Decision Making in Systems Engineers: A Focus on Optimism Valerdi, Ricardo; Blackburn, Craig Biases continue to be an important aspect of human judgment and decision making because they can lead to unfavorable outcomes. Optimism bias is one type of bias that is often overlooked because of its association with good health and positive outcomes. However, the existence of optimism bias in human judgment can be very damaging especially when it distorts a person’s view of future events. In order to better understand optimism bias we explore the benefits and downsides of optimism as well as some empirically-based origins of both optimism and pessimism. This provides a backdrop for a methodology for quantifying optimism and pessimism using the Brier score developed for calibrating weather reporters and a discussion about how sports bookies make well-calibrated decisions. Results are explored from an optimism survey given to a cohort of eighty systems engineers, which ultimately portray the degree to which optimism bias influences decision making in large projects. Further exploration of the key differences in optimism across professions helps distinguish motivational factors and characteristics of well-calibrated professions. We also present results from a calibration exercise, designed to infer if such activities can be adopted to assist systems engineering estimation. Finally, we provide prescriptive advice on how individual decision makers can better manage their optimism and become more realistic. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84553 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84551 The Culture of innovation Styles: Are our Corporate Cultures Tuned for Innovation? Czaika, Ellen; Valerdi, Ricardo Systems engineering work is requiring increasing collaboration among various enterperprises, nations, and individuals to innovate to meet the comlex needs of large numbers of stakeholders. This indicates a need to better understand the cultural differences in innovation styles that can enable or hinder collaboration. This paper argues that applying the Hofstede Cross-Cultural Dimensions to enterprises will provide useful insights for systems engineering enterprises in working with cross-cultural teams. Furthermore, this paper seeks to apply the Hofstede dimensions to identifying enterprise cultures conducive to innovation, radical and incremental. By exploring the relationship between the Hofstede Dimensions and Miller and Friesen’s Conservative and Entreprenurial Innovation Models, and between the Hofstede Dimensions and Brown’s System Model of Technological Innovation, this paper seeks to help enterprises match their culture to the type of innovation their enterprise culture supports. Furthermore, it suggests future research to investigate and compare the Hofstede dimensions of defense organizations and of the companies listed on the BusinessWeek Most Innovative Companies List. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84551 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84550 Principles of Enterprise Systems Nightingale, Deborah The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) through its Lean Advancement Initiative (LAI) research team has been conducting research and facilitating enterprise-level transformations in large complex sociotechnical enterprises for over fifteen years. These enterprises have spanned a broad base of industries and governmental organizations including aerospace, automotive, electronics, health care, transportation, construction, defense acquisition and logistics, research labs and many others. What has emerged from both the action research in the field and its application in case studies in graduate courses is the concept of “overarching” enterprise principles and transformation methodologies that are independent of the industry or organization. A framework for transformation that consists of a set of interdependent methodologies, tools and enterprise principles that support holistic enterprise transformation is described and includes the following five elements: 1) Key Principles of Enterprise Thinking, 2) Enterprise Transformation Roadmap, 3) Lean Enterprise Self Assessment Tool (LESAT), 4) Enterprise Strategic Analysis for Transformation (ESAT) and 5) Enterprise Architecting Framework. The application of this framework to the enterprise systems analysis and design of various industry and governmental organizations is discussed. Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84550 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84549 Zen in the Art of Cost Estimation Valerdi, Ricardo Engineering cannot wait until all phenomena are explained. Engineers may work effectively, often for centuries, with heuristics. This paper provides over thirty heuristics that have been inspired by the development and application of a systems engineering cost estimation model. The objective of this paper is to present such heuristics in a simple manner so that they can benefit those that develop, calibrate, and use cost models. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84549 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84548 Cultural Barriers to the Adoption of Systems Engineering Research Valerdi, Ricardo An extensive amount of time and money is spent on developing methodologies and tools to improve the systems engineering process but much less is spent on addressing the organizational factors that can facilitate or hinder their adoption. This is partially due to engineering approach to problem solving which is technology centric. What is needed is an organization centric approach that complements the methods and tools being developed and considers the context in which they will be used. This paper explores the notion of adoption of systems engineering research by focusing on a specific example involving measurement systems. Results from an industry survey on the most critical attributes for adoption are presented and implications of these results are discussed in terms of the broader issue of systems engineering research. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84548 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84547 Collaborative Systems Thinking Research: Exploring Systems Thinking within Teams Lamb, Caroline T.; Rhodes, Donna H. This paper describes ongoing research that seeks to develop an empirical basis for collaborative systems thinking, defined as “an emergent behavior of teams resulting from the interactions of team members and utilizing a variety of thinking styles, design processes, tools, and communication media to consider system attributes, interrelationships, context and dynamics towards executing systems design”. This type of thinking is critically important to addressing engineering systems challenges, and the research seeks to inform and enable effective systems engineering practice in contemporary engineering enterprises. Focusing on the aerospace domain, collaborative systems thinking is examined through the alignment of enterprise culture and standard technical processes. This paper draws on a variety of literature to compose a definition of collaborative systems thinking and propose a research agenda going forward. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84547 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84544 Measuring Systems Engineering Success: Insights from Baseball Blackburn, Craig; Valerdi, Ricardo Optimizing the efficiency of socio-technical systems and determining accurate measurements of performance is a critical issue in many systems engineering enterprises. In our analysis we explore some of the recurring themes of Michael Lewis’s study of baseball, depicted in the best selling book Moneyball, and we make the connection to corresponding systems engineering principles of interest. The paper will focus on the systems engineering roadmap inspired by Lewis’ study for developing and refining a meaningful set of metrics for organizational transformation. The following steps are highlighted to convey this transformation with the assistance of metrics: identify and understand value in the enterprise and your organization; consider an integrated system focus in your organization; use cost analysis methods to implement a strategy for executing the transformation; and manage risk throughout operations and improve the process continuously. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84544 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84543 Defining System Changeability: Reconciling Flexibility, Adaptability, Scalability, and Robustness for Maintaining System Lifecycle Value Ross, Adam M.; Rhodes, Donna H.; Hastings, Daniel E. Designing and maintaining systems in a dynamic contemporary environment requires a rethinking of how systems provide value to stakeholders over time. Classically, two different approaches to promoting value sustainment may include developing either alterable or robust systems. The first accomplishes value delivery through altering the system to meet new needs, while the second accomplishes value delivery through maintaining a system to meet needs in spite of changes. The definitions of flexibility, adaptability, scalability, and robustness are shown to be different parts of the core concept of “changeability,” which can be described by three aspects: change agents, change effects, and change mechanisms. Cast in terms of system parameter changes, flexibility and adaptability are shown to relate to the origin of the change agent (external or internal to a system boundary respectively). Scalability and robustness, along with the additional property of modifiability, are shown to relate to change effects. The extent of changeability is determined by the number of possible change mechanisms available to the system as accepted by decision makers. Creating changeable systems, which can incorporate both classical notions of alterability and robustness, empowers systems to maintain value delivery over their lifecycle, in spite of changes in their contexts, thereby achieving value robustness to stakeholders over time. Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84543 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84542 Using a Boundary Object Framework to Analyze Interorganizational Collaboration Fong, Allan; Valerdi, Ricardo; Srinivasan, Jayakanth The U.S. military is facing a plethora of challenges as a result of tightening procurement budgets and the need to acquire new capabilities to operate in modern war environments. This requires integrating legacy systems with developing technologies in what is loosely defined to be a System of Systems. Most Systems of Systems require some integrator to manage and operate the system interfaces. In addition to technical integration challenges, these system integrators have the difficult undertaking of integrating various organizations. The boundary object framework proposed by this paper provides a tool for systems integrators working in System of Systems or any type of complex system to identify and categorize communication, coordination, and collaboration interfaces and address possible failures. Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84542 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84541 Assessing Changeability in Aerospace Systems Architecting and Design Using Dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration Ross, Adam M.; Hastings, Daniel E. A framework for assessing changeability in the context of dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration (MATE) is proposed and applied to three aerospace systems. The framework consists of two parts. First, changeability concepts such as flexibility, scalability, and robustness are defined in a value-centric context. These system properties are shown to relate “real-space to value-space” dynamic mappings to stakeholder-defined subjective “acceptable cost” thresholds. Second, network analysis is applied to a series of temporally linked tradespaces, allowing for the quantification of changeability as a decision metric for comparison across system architecture and design options. The quantifiable is defined as the filtered outdegree of each design node in a tradespace network formed by linking design options through explicitly defined prospective transition paths. Each of the system application studies are assessed in the two part framework and within each study, observations are made regarding the changeability of various design options. The three system applications include a hypothetical low Earth orbit satellite mission, a currently deployed weapon system, and a proposed large astronomical on-orbit observatory. Preliminary cross-application observations are made regarding the embedding of changeability into the system architecture or design. Results suggest that the low Earth orbit satellite mission can increase its changeability by having the ability to readily change its orbit. The weapon system can increase its changeability by continuing to embrace modularity, use of commercial off-the-shelf parts (COTS), and simple, excess capacity interfaces. The large astronomical observatory can increase its potential changeability by having the ability to reconfigure its physical payloads and reschedule its observing tasks. The analysis approach introduced in this paper is shown to be a powerful concept for focusing discussion, design, and assessment of the changeability of aerospace systems. Tue, 19 Sep 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84541 2006-09-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84540 Screening for Real Options “In” an Engineering System: A Step Towards Flexible System Development Bartolomei, Jason E.; Hastings, Daniel E.; de Neufville, Richard; Rhodes, Donna H. The goal of this research is to develop an analytical framework for screening for real options “in” an engineering system. Real options is defined in the finance literature as the right, but not the obligation, to take an action (e.g. deferring, expanding, contracting, or abandoning) at a predetermined cost and for a predetermined time. These are called "real options" because they pertain to physical or tangible assets, such as equipment, rather than financial instruments. Real options improve a system’s capability of undergoing classes of changes with relative ease. This property is often called “flexibility.” Recently, the DoD has emphasized the need to develop flexible system in order to improve operational, technical, and programmatic effectiveness. The aim of this research is to apply real options thinking to weapon acquisitions in order to promote the ability of weapon system programs to deftly avoid downside consequences or exploit upside opportunities. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84540 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84539 A First Course in Software Engineering for Aerospace Engineers Lundqvist, Kristina; Srinivasan, Jayakanth Software is a critical component of mission capability in all aerospace systems. This capability is realized directly through the use of onboard software, and enabled through the use of software on ground support systems. Students attending an aerospace engineering program come with a highly diversified background in software development ranging from novice user to expert programmer. A first course in software development has to account for the diversity, and as an outcome provide both a common vocabulary, as well as a common baseline of skills. This paper presents our learning from designing and teaching such a course for aerospace engineering undergraduates. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84539 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84537 A Framework for Understanding Uncertainty and its Mitigation and Exploitation in Complex Systems McManus, Dr. Hugh; Hastings, Prof. Daniel A framework to aid in the understanding of uncertainties and techniques for mitigating and even taking positive advantage of them is presented. The framework is an attempt to clarify the wide range of uncertainties that affect complex systems, the risks (and opportunities) they create, the strategies system architects can use to mitigate (or take advantage) of them, and the resulting system attributes. Current and developing methods for dealing with uncertainties are projected onto the framework to understand their relative roles and interactions. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84537 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84536 Accelerating the Development of Senior Systems Engineers Davidz, Heidi L.; Nightingale, Deborah J.; Rhodes, Donna H. As more senior systems engineers are needed to handle the increasing complexity of contemporary systems, there is an increasing need to accelerate the development of these senior professionals. However, the process of efficiently developing a senior systems engineer is not well-understood. To compact this problem, the skill set needed by senior systems engineers continues to broaden as system complexity increases and as system boundaries expand. In order to better understand the mechanisms that most effectively and efficiently develop these individuals, this article discusses enablers, barriers, and precursors to this development process. In addition to reviewing related literature, specific interventions currently used to accelerate systems thinking development are discussed. Findings from ongoing research related to this topic provide preliminary information about current understanding and practice. Better understanding of systems thinking development provides a foundation for educational interventions and employee development in systems thinking for engineering professionals across industry, government, and academia. Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84536 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84502 Integration of Space into LAI Warmkessel, Joyce M. Space Sector Kick-off presentation Tue, 13 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84502 1998-01-13T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84501 Lean Space Initiative Hastings, Daniel A study of the benefits and character of a lean space initiative, complementary to the LAI, was sponsored by the Air Force Space and Missile Center and Mantech last summer. This nine month “Quick Look” identified potential stakeholders and surveyed them as to perceived benefits, the priorities for research topics, willingness to participate, and appropriate relationship to the LAI program. Since many of the principals are already partners in LAI, there was clear indication that “lean space” could benefit by and add to the data base for LAI and that it should be incorporated as a sector in the Phase two activity of the latter. These results were briefed to General DeKok, commander of SMC, and his staff on July 18, receiving strong endorsement and directions to proceed toward a start date of September 1, 1997, with the need to take the necessary steps to coordinate with and obtain LAI stakeholder approval. Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84501 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84500 The Lean Space Quick Look Study: Results Hastings, Daniel Space Sector Kick-off presentation Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84500 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84498 An Overview of Supplier Rating, Certification and Selection Systems in the Defense Aircraft Industry Shapiro, Jeremy F. In this paper, we report on the status of supplier rating, certification and selection systems in the US Defense Aircraft Industry. Our findings result from a range of information gathering activities over the past eighteen months including: Site visits to companies; a one day review session at Lockheed Fort Worth Company on February 7, 1994 in which 10 companies made presentations of their systems; the study of documents received from over a dozen companies pertaining to rating, certification and selection systems; and, responses to the Survey of Supplier Systems and Relationships. The purposes of this report are: • To identify and review current practices with respect to supplier rating, certification and selection systems based on our current state of knowledge; • To discuss the extent to which these systems support the process of supplier base optimization. Wed, 01 Mar 1995 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84498 1995-03-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84497 "Pie-Sharing" in Complex Collaboration Contexts Jap, Sandy D. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of collaborative relationships between organizations. Much attention has been given to how organizations ‘expand the pie’ of benefits between them; however, there is little that addresses the ensuing issue – how organizations divide the expanded pie. This research examines the relational impact of pie sharing in complex collaboration contexts marked by uncertainty in resources and outputs, information asymmetries, intangible aspects, and noncomparable factors and processes. A conceptual framework is developed that examines how the use of equity and equality sharing principles in conjunction with various resource and organizational conditions can be used to systematically impact relational outcomes. Survey results of 300 R&D managers, scientists, and engineers indicate that sharing principles can have a positive or negative effect on the relationship depending on the type of sharing principle used, and the characteristics of the resources and organizations. In particular, sharing processes should be responsive to the goals of the collaboration. The results underscore the strategic nature of the sharing phenomenon as well as the importance of relational concerns in complex and uncertain interorganizational settings. Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84497 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84496 Direct and Indirect Bargaining Costs and the Scope of the Firm Simester, Duncan; Knez, Marc Forthcoming publication in The Journal of Business Thu, 01 Jun 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84496 2000-06-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84494 The Effect of Enterprise Design on Stakeholders and Value Creation Matty, LTC Doug LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84494 2011-02-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84493 Standardizing Product Development Processes Rupani, Sid LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84493 2010-12-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84492 A Practical Look at Architecting an Enterprise for Value Delivery Cropsey, Lt. Col. Luke LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Sun, 10 Oct 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84492 2010-10-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84491 Assessing Stakeholder Salience Through the view of Lean Enterprise Transformation Sisto, Gwendolyn LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Thu, 09 Sep 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84491 2010-09-09T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84490 Organizational Assessment Processes for Enterprise Transformation Abdimomunova, Leyla LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84490 2010-12-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84472 Improving Enterprise Decision-Making: The Benefits of Metric Commonality Friedman, Alissa H. LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84472 2010-07-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84471 New Insights on Implementing Lean in Product Development Systems Rebentisch, Eric; Hoppmann, Joern LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84471 2009-12-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84470 Identifying Leverage Points in Defense System Acquisition Wirthlin, Robb; Rebentisch, Eric LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84470 2010-01-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84469 Design, Evaluation, and Management of Flexible Systems McConnell, Joshua LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84469 2010-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84468 Metrics for Enterprise Transformation Blackburn, 1LT Craig D. LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event Thu, 08 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84468 2010-04-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84467 Understanding Enterprise Behavior Using a Hybrid Simulation of Enterprise Architecture Glazner, Dr. Chris LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Wed, 05 May 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84467 2010-05-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84466 Designing and Deploying Lean Healthcare Curriculum Murman, Earll M. LAI Webinar Knowledge Exchange Event presentation Thu, 21 Apr 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84466 2011-04-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84465 Measuring the Efficiency of Commonality Implementation: Application to Commercial Aircraft Cockpits Bador, Damien P.M.D.; Seering, Warren J.; Rebentisch, Eric S. Increasing commonality across their models allows commercial aircraft manufacturers to reduce the product development cycle time and tailor their models to their customers’ needs. The cockpit is an area where commonality is thought to be particularly desirable, since it also simplifies the pilots training process for the airline companies. However, no set of metrics is currently able to measure the efficiency of commonality application at this level from a total lifecycle standpoint. In this paper, we propose a set of metrics adapted to large commercial aircraft and taking into account the main parts of the product lifecycle. The concept of lead time is central in our measurement of commonality, as it strongly influences the value of the aircraft for all primary stakeholders. We examine the extent to which these metrics are independent from aircraft particularities (such as physical dimensions). We indicate their limitations and what additional research should be performed to obtain a set of metrics able to measure the efficiency of commonality implementation for the whole aircraft. We use the example of two competing medium-haul aircraft families to test our set of metrics. We evaluate the efficiency of commonality according to our metrics and we compare with field results obtained from the manufacturers’ studies and from the results of interviews of airlines pilots. We show how our set of metrics can help determining how to optimize the level of commonality for all stakeholders. Tue, 28 Aug 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84465 2007-08-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84464 Real Options “In” a Micro Air Vehicle System Wilds, Jennifer M.; de Neufville, Richard; Bartolomei, Jason E.; Hastings, Daniel E. International Conference On Engineering Design (ICED’07) presentation Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84464 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84463 A Constructivist Approach to Teaching Software Process Srinivasan, Jayakanth; Lundqvist, Kristina 29th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE’07) presentation Sun, 20 May 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84463 2007-05-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84462 Teaching Lean Thinking Principles Through Hands-on Simulations McManus, Hugh L.; Rebentisch, Eric; Muman, Earll M.; Stanke, Alexis The teaching of Lean Enterprise Thinking in the aerospace context requires that students understand a complex subject—aerospace enterprises and their transformation—in a deep and intuitive way. Without this context, the lessons of the LAI Lean Academy Course® will make little sense. A rich simulation of an enterprise with a structure and problems typical of the US aerospace industry is used as a teaching tool. The simulation allows students to understand Lean Thinking at an intuitive level, and practice lean tools in a realistic setting. The simulation enables a CDIO approach (in this case, Comprehend, Design, Implement and Operate), by having the students take two iterations through a CDIO process to transform the simulated enterprise from an inefficient legacy state to a high performance future state (x3 to x6 production using the same resources). The simulation and its teaching goals are described, with reference to the limited literature on simulations in education. The process used in the simulation is then described in a CDIO context. Finally, the success of the simulation is evaluated using limited quantitative and more extensive qualitative data. It is found that the simulation is a powerful learning tool and a key component of the LAI Lean Academy. Mon, 11 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84462 2007-06-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84461 Doing More with Less at Ariens: A Leadership and Transformation Case Study Hartwell, Jennifer K.; Roth, George This case study illustrates the challenges of organizational change and transformation. The company studies, Ariens Company, used "lean" principles and methods in making these changes. As a manufacturer of snow and lawn equipment, the promises of lean manufacturing from the automotive industry were very appealing to Ariens' management. Indeed, the company faced a crisis in 1998 - overproduction had left it with excessive inventory, and its costs were too high to sell its products through retail channels. Distribution costs are most of the possible profit margins in selling through dealers. The company needed sweeping changes - a financial restructuring, change in its distribution system, reduction of inventory, new production methods, and lower cost and better quality products. The company as a whole, from senior leadership to shop floor workers, needed to work together to achieve these changes. The thinking, process and sequence of top, middle and front-line management changes, is the focus for this case study of lean transformation. Wed, 16 May 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84461 2007-05-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84460 Systems Engineering Confronts Enterprise Change: Frameworks and Lessons from MITRE Projects Carroll, John S.; Roth, George Our collaborative MIT/MITRE team has structured the research as a series of case studies. Although we incorporate elements of grounded theory, there are several frameworks that we are actively using in the analysis of our case data (primarily interview-based). In this paper, we will present these frameworks and propose them as a nascent theory of enterprise change. Mon, 06 Aug 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84460 2007-08-06T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84459 Using Dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration to Develop Value Robust Systems Ross, Dr. Adam M. Sikorsky IEEE CT AES Lunch Seminar presentation Thu, 24 May 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84459 2007-05-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84458 Standardized Process as a Tool for Higher Level Systems Thinking Twomey Lamb, Caroline; Rhodes, Donna H. 2007 INCOSE International Symposium presentation Sun, 24 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84458 2007-06-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84457 Promoting Collaborative Systems Thinking Through the Alignment of Culture and Process: Initial Results Twomey Lamb, Caroline; Rhodes, Donna H. 5th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Wed, 14 Mar 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84457 2007-03-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84456 Myth Buster: Do Engineers Trust Parametric Models Over Their Own Intuition? Valerdi, Ricardo This paper explores the abilities of engineers to estimate everyday tasks and their reliance on their own intuition when performing cost estimates. The approach to answering these questions is similar to that of the popular television show MythBusters which aims to separate truth from urban legend using controlled experiments. In MythBusters, methods for testing myths and urban legends are usually planned and executed in a manner to produce the most visually dramatic results possible, which generally involves explosions, fires, or vehicle crashes. While the question of parametric models versus intuition is not as exciting, we provide an interesting result that demonstrates the difference between what is real and what is fiction in the world of cost estimation. Two heuristics, representativeness and anchoring, are explored in two experiments involving psychology students, engineering students, and engineering practitioners. The first experiment, designed to determine if there is a difference in estimating ability in everyday quantities, demonstrates that the three groups estimate with relatively equal accuracy. The results shed light on the distribution of estimates and the process of subjective judgment. The second experiment, designed to explore abilities for estimating the cost of software-intensive systems given incomplete information, shows that predictions by engineering students and practitioners are within 3-12% of each other. Results also show that engineers rely more on their intuition than on parametric models to make decisions. The value of this work is in helping better understand how software engineers make decisions based on limited information. Implications for the development of software cost estimation models are discussed in light of the findings from the two experiments. Tue, 12 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84456 2007-06-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84455 Boundary Objects as a Framework to Understand the Role of Systems Integrators Fong, Allan; Valerdi, Ricardo; Srinivasan, Jayakanth 5th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Wed, 14 Mar 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84455 2007-03-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84454 Using a Boundary Object Framework to Analyze Interorganizational Collaboration Fong, Allan; Valerdi, Ricardo; Srinivasan, Jayakanth The U.S. military is facing a plethora of challenges as a result of tightening procurement budgets and the need to acquire new capabilities to operate in modern war environments. This requires integrating legacy systems with developing technologies in what is loosely defined to be a System of Systems. Most Systems of Systems require some integrator to manage and operate the system interfaces. In addition to technical integration challenges, these system integrators have the difficult undertaking of integrating various organizations. The boundary object framework proposed by this paper provides a tool for systems integrators working in System of Systems or any type of complex system to identify and categorize communication, coordination, and collaboration interfaces and address possible failures. Sun, 24 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84454 2007-06-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84453 Challenges in the Development of Systems Engineering as a Profession Dixit, Indrajeet; Valerdi, Ricardo 2007 INCOSE International Symposium presentation Sun, 24 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84453 2007-06-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84452 A Research Agenda for Systems of Systems Architecting Axelband, Dr. Elliot; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 17th INCOSE Symposium presentation Sun, 24 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84452 2007-06-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84451 Reducing Risk and Uncertainty in COSYSMO Size and Cost Drivers: Some Techniques for Enhancing Accuracy Valerdi, Ricardo; Gaffney, John E., Jr. 5th Conference on Systems Engineering Research presentation Wed, 14 Mar 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84451 2007-03-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84450 Pioneers of Parametrics Valerdi, Ricardo This paper provides a historical account of the development of the field of parametrics through information obtained during interviews of twelve pioneers of the field. Cost model developers, users, and practitioners were interviewed with the intent to capture their views on the impact between cost estimation research and practice. The individuals interviewed represent a diverse range of perspectives including academia, government, and industry. Each perspective sheds light on the areas in which the field of parametrics has had an impact and which synergies have been influential in the development of the field. The implications of the findings are discussed in light of the future challenges for the field of parametrics. Tue, 12 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84450 2007-06-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84449 Cognitive Limits of Software Cost Estimation Valerdi, Ricardo This paper explores the cognitive limits of estimation in the context of software cost estimation. Two heuristics, representativeness and anchoring, motivate two experiments involving psychology students, engineering students, and engineering practitioners. The first experiment, designed to determine if there is a difference in estimating ability in everyday quantities, demonstrates that the three populations estimate with relatively equal accuracy. The results shed light on the distribution of estimates and the process of subjective judgment. The second experiment, designed to explore abilities for estimating the cost of software-intensive systems given incomplete information, shows that predictions by engineering students and practitioners are within 3-12% of each other. The value of this work is in helping better understand how software engineers make decisions based on limited information. The manifestation of the two heuristics is discussed together with the implications for the development of software cost estimation models in light of the findings from the two experiments. Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84449 2007-09-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84448 Lessons Learned From Industrial Validation of COSYSMO Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo; Roedler, Garry; Wheaton, Marilee; Rieff, Dr. John; Wang, Dr. Gan 2007 INCOSE International Symposium presentation Sun, 24 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84448 2007-06-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84447 Systems Engineering Cost Estimation for Space Systems Valerdi, Ricardo; Wheaton, Marilee J.; Fortune, Jared The applicability of COSYSMO, a systems engineering cost model, is explored in the context of space systems through the analysis of two main assumptions. First, the WBS elements of the model are mapped to a prototypical WBS for space systems. Second, the life cycle phases assumed in the model are mapped to the phases outlined in the latest National Security Space acquisition policy. Through the analysis of these assumptions, the applicability of COSYSMO to space systems can be improved. Moreover, techniques for performing partial estimation of systems engineering by systems engineering activity and life cycle phase are provided to further the applicability of COSYSMO to space systems. Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84447 2007-09-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84446 From Research to Reality: Making COSYSMO a Trusted Estimation Tool in Your Organization Valerdi, Ricardo; Miller, Chris As the COSYSMO model transitions from the development phase into the adoption phase, industry stakeholders are beginning to embrace the model and integrate it into their existing measurement processes. To date, much of the guidance provided by the COSYSMO development team has been focused on the usage of the model. In the adoption phase, users need guidance on how to adopt the model as they work to convince management to invest resources in competition with other process improvement initiatives. This paper outlines a process which provides guidance on the piloting and institutionalization of COSYSMO designed to help scope the effort needed for successful adoption and implementation. The process has been developed as a result of interactions with over a dozen organizations that have participated in the industry calibration of the model and have begun to integrate the model into their internal processes. The knowledge obtained from working with these organizations is reflected in this process. Sun, 24 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84446 2007-06-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84445 Technology, Government, Business, and Universities: The Innovation Ecosystem Tang, Victor; Osorio-Urzua, Carlos A. The purpose of this presentation is to present an overview of the roles of the government, business enterprises, and universities in the promotion and creation of innovation. Our approach is to present key concepts, principles, methods, tools and use illustrative examples from research and executive practice. We begin by defining “innovation”. We argue that innovation is both a process and an output. From a process perspective, innovation is an emergent property of a complex social-technical system composed of government, business enterprises, and universities. The behavior of this system is the result of policies engineered by the government. We illustrate this point with examples of various macro economies, e.g. Chile. Using these examples we illustrate effective government policies. Next we discuss innovation as an output from business enterprises. We focus on enterprise level methods and tools for innovation. They are: business model transformation, business process reengineering, inventive problem solving, analysis of customer requirements, technology roadmapping, and knowledge management. Consistent with our practice, we illustrate the use of these methods and tools in detail. Next, we touch on the role of universities. For universities to promote innovation, we identify six research paths, three research strategies, and two goals. We cite a few examples from MIT. We present a key role of universities: to create interpretation spaces for researchers, government, and business where new innovative knowledge and ideas can be explored and generated in an environment of strong mutual trust. Innovation is impossible without decisive executives who are committed to action. Therefore, we present a detailed discussion of a new prescriptive approach that take a fresh look at decision-making for executives and policy makers. Finally, we distill from all of the above a set of principles that help unlock innovation. Finally we distill from all of the above a set of principles that help to unlock innovation. Mon, 01 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84445 2007-10-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84444 Ex Ante Evaluation and Improvement of Forecasts Tang, Victor; Otto, Kevin N.; Seering, Warren P. The dominant approach reported in the literature is to evaluate forecasts after the fact. We take a different approach, we present a way to evaluate and Improve forecasts before the fact. We reconceptualize forecasts as thought experiments grounded on mental models. We show the results of our process which debiases and reduces the asymmetry of forecasters’ mental models. We also reconceptualize forecasting as measurements with errors. And to analyze and improve the entire forecasting process as a system, we use the methods of Design of Experiments (DOE) and Gage R&R from Measurement System Analysis (MSA). We show the results of our analyses using two new metrics, repeatability and reproducibility and discuss new opportunities for research. Sun, 04 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84444 2007-11-04T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84443 Using Design of Experiments (DOE) for Decision Analysis Tang, Victor; Otto, Kevin N.; Seering, Warren P. We take an engineering design approach to a problem of the artificial - corporate decision-analysis under uncertainty. We use Design of Experiments (DOE) to understand the behaviour of systems within which decisions are made and to estimate the consequences of alternative decisions. The experiments are a systematically constructed class of gedanken (thought) experiments comparable to “what if” studies, but organized to span the entire space of controllable and uncontrollable options. We therefore develop a debiasing protocol to forecast and elicit data. We consider the composite organization, their knowledge, data bases, formal and informal procedures as a measurement system. We use Gage theory from Measurement System Analysis (MSA) to analyze the quality of the data, the measurement system, and its results. We report on an in situ company experiment. Results support the statistical validity and managerial efficacy of our method. Method-evaluation criteria also indicate the validity of our method. Surprisingly, the experiments result in representations of near-decomposable systems. This suggests that executives scale corporate problems for analyses and decision-making. This work introduces DOE and MSA to the management sciences and shows how it can be effective to executive decision making. Tue, 28 Aug 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84443 2007-08-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84442 Solar Power Satellites: Historical Perspectives with a Look to the Future Laracy, Joseph R.; Bador, Damien; Adams, Danielle; Weigel, Annalisa; Chambers, Richard; Kwon, Daniel; Proudfoot, David; Qu, Shen; Shoepe, Ted Since the late 1960s, there has been interest in the United States, and later in other nations, to capture solar energy in space and efficiently transmit it back to Earth. Starting with his seminal paper in 1968, Dr. Peter Glaser began architecting a prototype system that was further explored by the US Department of Energy in the Concept Development and Evaluation Program. This initial study showed that the project was very ambitious and fraught with technical, social, and economic uncertainties. Energy economics and the lack of a reliable, high frequency space launch capability brought most research to a halt in the 1990s. This paper proposes a rational technical strategy to refocus Solar Power Satellite (SPS) research. It suggests a 30 year timeline for program milestones and analyzes potential technical performance. Real options analysis is used to manage uncertainty and permits the exploration of possible futures that are dependent on launch costs and electricity market prices. We propose that the U.S. can make progress toward implementing a small scale SPS system within several decades if work is begun now on technology development and on addressing societal concerns. Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84442 2007-09-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84441 Active Learning Strategies for Teaching Lean Thinking Candido, Jacqueline P.; Murman, Earll M.; McManus, Hugh Active learning is a method of designing instruction so that classroom students are actively involved in learning concepts and content. Instead of casting students into the role of passive listener, active learning techniques strive to engage learners in reading, writing, discussing and doing things to connect the learners to the material. The Lean Aerospace Initiative sponsored the development of a foundational LAI Lean Academy® course about lean concepts. The class is targeted for an audience with little or no experience in lean concepts and it was designed with a learner-centered focus using active learning techniques. Several strategies used successfully in this class will be described in this paper, specifically: plant tours, the supply chain puzzle, mechanical assembly for lean engineering and interviews/out briefs. Results from student feedback indicate that class participants enjoy the active learning segments of the class much better than modules that are mostly lecture-based. Mon, 11 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84441 2007-06-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84440 Assessing Information Waste in Lean Product Development Graebsch, Martin; Seering, Warren P.; Lindemann, Udo Lean Product Development seeks to enhance the efficiency of product development projects by reducing and eliminating non-value-adding activities or waste, which can exist on every process level. The value stream through product development processes is a flow of information, and hence waste exists in interpersonal communication. The study elaborates the hypothesis that most information transfers do not add value to the product. It was further theorized that different means of communication are better suited for different kinds of information, at least from the lean point of view. In order to understand the occurrence and ramifications of waste in product development information flows, the information transferred between team members was analyzed in two student product development projects. With the help of a paper-based value stream map, frequencies of waste drivers in information, the share of waste in information transfers, the interdependencies of waste and means of communication, as well as timeliness of information transfers were analyzed. The study’s results show that waste is omnipresent in product development information transfers, as only twelve percent of all information transfers contribute value to the product, and nearly half of the information transfers could have been omitted without a decrease in product value. Assuming that preparing, sending, receiving and retrieving information accounts for most of the time spent in product development processes, an enormous theoretical potential for efficiency enhancements could thus be identified. Tue, 28 Aug 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84440 2007-08-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84439 Adaptable Enterprise Architecture and Long Term Value Added Partnerships in Healthcare Jorge, Oliviera; Nightingale, Deborah Healthcare expenditure has increasingly been growing as a percentage of the GDP of several developed nations and it is feared that it will soon become unbearable. Additionally hospitals are faced with an estimated nursing shortage and with an aging patient base that demands better quality at a lower cost. Furthermore, hospitals tie up a large percentage of their budgets in inventory and in the required labour to manage it. Moreover, future improvements will necessarily require a solution beyond statistically sound inventory policies and software packages. This paper adopts a holistic enterprise architecture approach encompassing technology, processes, strategy, and stakeholder values. The study included two hospitals leading the way in such architectures with a leading healthcare vendor in the USA market. The research methodology consisted of field observations, 47 interviews and data analysis of the visited hospitals. Research findings are presented and supported by graphical representations of soft data collected. Finally conclusions are provided and also include lessons learned on how to adapt enterprise architectures and align stakeholder incentives. Thu, 07 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84439 2007-06-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84438 Network Centric Operations and the Brigade Unit of Action: A System Dynamics Perspective Minami, Major Nathan A.; Rhodes, Dr. Donna In the midst of fighting a global War on Terror, the U.S. Army is concurrently attempting to transform to a more agile and deployable organization, which is centered largely on the integration of new information technologies into its command posts. While most Army leaders are reporting that many of these new information “tools” such as the Army Battle Command System (ABCS) give them an unprecedented level of situational awareness and are beginning to enable a new style of war labeled by some as Network Centric Warfare, other leaders are reporting that the integration of this new digital technology comes with some unintended consequences that in some cases actually slows and decreases the quality of information flow by orders of magnitude. We studied the “Brigade Unit of Action” concept with specific emphasis on the Brigade’s ability to disseminate and process information within and between command posts, using System Dynamics as a modeling tool to help better understand the impact of various policy decisions made by the U.S. Army. Our study concentrated on some of the possible strengths and pitfalls of NCW theory, and led to the formulation of five heuristics that Army leaders should consider when developing the future command and control architecture for the Brigade Unit of Action. Sun, 29 Jul 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84438 2007-07-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84437 Defining System Changeability: Reconciling Flexibility, Adaptability, Scalability, and Robustness for Maintaining System Lifecycle Value Ross, Adam M.; Rhodes, Donna H.; Hastings, Daniel E. Designing and maintaining systems in a dynamic contemporary environment requires a rethinking of how systems provide value to stakeholders over time. Classically, two different approaches to promoting value sustainment may include developing either alterable or robust systems. The first accomplishes value delivery through altering the system to meet new needs, while the second accomplishes value delivery through maintaining a system to meet needs in spite of changes. The definitions of flexibility, adaptability, scalability, and robustness are shown to be different parts of the core concept of “changeability,” which can be described by three aspects: change agents, change effects, and change mechanisms. Cast in terms of system parameter changes, flexibility and adaptability are shown to relate to the origin of the change agent (external or internal to a system boundary respectively). Scalability and robustness, along with the additional property of modifiability, are shown to relate to change effects. The extent of changeability is determined by the number of possible change mechanisms available to the system as accepted by decision makers. Creating changeable systems, which can incorporate both classical notions of alterability and robustness, empowers systems to maintain value delivery over their lifecycle, in spite of changes in their contexts, thereby achieving value robustness to stakeholders over time. Sun, 24 Jun 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84437 2007-06-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84436 Towards a Work Breakdown Structure for Net Centric System of Systems Engineering and Management Wang, Dr. Gan; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo; Lane, Jo Ann; Boehm, Dr. Barry As the system engineering industry sees an increasing focus on the lifecycle development, acquisition, and sustainment of net-centric Systems of Systems (SoS), organizations find that current processes and tools need to evolve to handle the increased scope, scale, and complexity of these efforts. One such tool, the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is important in planning, monitoring, and re-focusing of program activities as requirements and goals of the program evolve. This paper provides an overview of the limitations of current standard WBSs with respect to SoS efforts and presents a proposed WBS structure that more adequately reflects the evolving processes and cross-organizational complexities. Sun, 09 Jul 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84436 2006-07-09T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84435 A Theory of Objective Sizing Valerdi, Ricardo The process of building parametric models to estimate the cost of large scale complex systems have recently uncovered unanticipated challenges. The most difficult of which includes the ability to define the boundary of the system being estimated. This boundary is an essential step towards determining the size of the system; a major input into parametric models. In this paper, we build on a concept from psychology known as the moon illusion to develop a theory of objective sizing. This theory has two main benefits: it helps explain why stakeholders have different views of systems and it provides an approach for how these differences can be reconciled. Ultimately it will help technical communities arrive at a more objective way for measuring system size which will ultimately improve the accuracy and influence of parametric models. Tue, 23 May 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84435 2006-05-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84434 Extensions of COSYSMO to Represent Reuse Valerdi, Ricardo; Gaffney, John; Roedler, Garry; Rieff, John As the maturity of COSYSMO increases, users continue to identify areas in which the model can be improved. Recent emphasis has been placed on the clarification of counting rules for the COSYSMO size drivers. These drivers represent various attributes of the total size of the task of the systems engineering effort estimated by COSYSMO; in terms of person months. The intent of these rules is to ensure consistent interpretation and use of the size input parameters that include: requirements, interfaces, algorithms, and operational scenarios. Experience in applying these rules has exposed a limitation of the current version of the model; there was no way of including the affect of reusing system components in the calculation of systems engineering effort. This has resulted in inaccurate estimates of systems engineering effort for systems that incorporated significant reuse, as in the case of programs with a high degree of COTS integration. As a result, a method was needed to account for the fact that not all of the requirements that drive systems engineering effort are new. Specifically, some of the requirements for a new system may be “reused” from a prior system. Further, some of the new system’s requirements may be “modified” from a prior system. Moreover, the evolution of system requirements over the system life cycle may result in “deleted” requirements from the initial configuration baseline. On the surface, the notion of reuse in COSYSMO may appear as a necessity-is-the-mother-of-invention activity but in reality it was an inevitable feature. One reason is that most software cost estimation models – especially COCOMO II – go into great detail in addressing aspects of software reuse. The other is that reuse is more prevalent among defense contractors that aim for higher productivity gains as they avoid pursuing designs from scratch. For these reasons, this paper provides (1) an approach for handling reuse in systems engineering in terms of the number of systems requirements in COSYSMO, (2) a discussion on the potential cost drivers that could be influenced by reuse, and (3) strategies in which this approach can be extended to include the three other size drivers in the model. Tue, 07 Nov 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84434 2006-11-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84433 On the Use of Architectural Products for Cost Estimation Valerdi, Ricardo; Dixit, Indrajeet The Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) provides a standard set of views that illustrate specific attributes of a system. These views give different levels of detail and purpose that allow engineers to express operational, system, technical, and architectural properties for specific purposes. The twenty six different views available can be useful and at the same time overwhelming to someone unfamiliar with the framework. An increasing number of defense contractors are using DoDAF to characterize system attributes. These same contractors are responsible for providing cost estimates for the development and implementation of systems. This paper provides the link between these two areas by relating architectural views to system representation for cost estimation. There are several benefits to this link. First, the cost estimation community can benefit from a deeper understanding of the DoDAF and its objectives to improve the field of cost estimation through the development of models that better represent system architectures. Second, DoDAF can serve as a common language between customers and contractors by improving the representation of stakeholder needs and objectives. Third, the architecting community can benefit from the identification of subjective cost drivers currently not addressed in the DoDAF products. In this spirit, this paper describes how DoDAF architecture frameworks can be used to determine functional system size for adequate estimating of systems engineering effort. This is illustrated through the use of the OilCo FastPass system defined in previous work. The utility of using the FastPass system is that it is well documented in journal articles and it is a system familiar to the general systems engineering audience. Fri, 07 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84433 2006-04-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84432 Advancing an Ontology for Systems Engineering to Allow Consistent Measurement Honour, Eric C.; Valerdi, Ricardo Past analysis has shown that there is a quantifiable correlation between the amount, types and quality of systems engineering efforts used during a program and the success of the program. For any given program, an amount, type and quality of systems engineering effort can be selected from the quantified correlations. The optimal nature of these selections, however, has not yet been explored. An ongoing project, Systems Engineering Return on Investment (SE-ROI), aims to quantify the correlations by gathering data on current and completed programs. It is the purpose of this paper to advance an ontology that can support useful quantification of the desired correlations. This ontology is based on a review of current systems engineering standards, historical systems engineering activities, and data gathered on the COSYSMO and Value of Systems Engineering projects. In this paper, the ontology is further explored to create broadly-based definitions of key terms such as "systems engineering effort," "amount of effort," "type of effort," "quality," "success," and "optimum." The SE-ROI project is continuing to convert the ontology into a methodology for measuring Return on Investment. This measurement will yield more specific relationships between systems engineering activities, such as requirements management effort, and the cost/schedule compliance of the program. Fri, 07 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84432 2006-04-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84431 Role of Software Readability on Software Development Cost Collar, Emilio, Jr.; Valerdi, Ricardo This paper explores the role of software readability on software development cost. We argue that the up front cost of incorporating software readability pays off handsomely at later stages in the life cycle, especially at the maintenance phase which is where most of the life cycle cost of software is expended. Our analysis of different software development activities shows that software readability has a global effect on software development cost and is independent of software size (i.e., KSLOC). Moreover, we explore the links between software readability and programming domain knowledge. This paper is organized into the following three sections: overview of software readability, how readability fits into the context of software cost estimation, and how results can lead to the development of a new COCOMO cost driver focused on software readability. Tue, 07 Nov 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84431 2006-11-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84190 Screening for Real Options “In” an Engineering System: A Step Towards Flexible System Development Bartolomei, Jason E.; Hastings, Daniel E.; de Neufville, Richard; Rhodes, Donna H. The goal of this research is to develop an analytical framework for screening for real options “in” an engineering system. Real options is defined in the finance literature as the right, but not the obligation, to take an action (e.g. deferring, expanding, contracting, or abandoning) at a predetermined cost and for a predetermined time. These are called "real options" because they pertain to physical or tangible assets, such as equipment, rather than financial instruments. Real options improve a system’s capability of undergoing classes of changes with relative ease. This property is often called “flexibility.” Recently, the DoD has emphasized the need to develop flexible system in order to improve operational, technical, and programmatic effectiveness. The aim of this research is to apply real options thinking to weapon acquisitions in order to promote the ability of weapon system programs to deftly avoid downside consequences or exploit upside opportunities. Fri, 07 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84190 2006-04-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84189 Assessing Changeability in Aerospace Systems Architecting and Design Using Dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration Ross, Adam M.; Hastings, Daniel E. A framework for assessing changeability in the context of dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration (MATE) is proposed and applied to three aerospace systems. The framework consists of two parts. First, changeability concepts such as flexibility, scalability, and robustness are defined in a value-centric context. These system properties are shown to relate “real-space to value-space” dynamic mappings to stakeholder-defined subjective “acceptable cost” thresholds. Second, network analysis is applied to a series of temporally linked tradespaces, allowing for the quantification of changeability as a decision metric for comparison across system architecture and design options. The quantifiable is defined as the filtered outdegree of each design node in a tradespace network formed by linking design options through explicitly defined prospective transition paths. Each of the system application studies are assessed in the two part framework and within each study, observations are made regarding the changeability of various design options. The three system applications include a hypothetical low Earth orbit satellite mission, a currently deployed weapon system, and a proposed large astronomical on-orbit observatory. Preliminary cross-application observations are made regarding the embedding of changeability into the system architecture or design. Results suggest that the low Earth orbit satellite mission can increase its changeability by having the ability to readily change its orbit. The weapon system can increase its changeability by continuing to embrace modularity, use of commercial off-the-shelf parts (COTS), and simple, excess capacity interfaces. The large astronomical observatory can increase its potential changeability by having the ability to reconfigure its physical payloads and reschedule its observing tasks. The analysis approach introduced in this paper is shown to be a powerful concept for focusing discussion, design, and assessment of the changeability of aerospace systems. Tue, 19 Sep 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84189 2006-09-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84188 Coupling Lean Thinking and Systems Thinking at the Enterprise Level Nightingale, Deborah; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 15th Industrial Engineering Research Conference presentation Tue, 16 May 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84188 2006-05-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84165 Lean Engineering: Doing the Right Thing Right McManus, Hugh; Haggerty, Al; Murman, Earll Lean techniques are having a major impact on aerospace manufacturing. However, the cost and value of aerospace (and many other) products is determined primarily in product development. Migrating lean to engineering processes is ongoing in the industry, and a subject of study at the MIT Lean Aerospace Initiative. This paper summarizes findings to date, with references to both research literature and successful implementation examples. To implement lean engineering, a three-part approach is needed: Creating the right products, with effective lifecycle and enterprise integration, using efficient engineering processes. Thu, 04 Aug 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84165 2005-08-04T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84164 IT Enabled Enterprise Transformation: Perspectives Using Product Data Management Hines, Erisa K.; Srinivasan, Jayakanth Implementing a new information technology (IT) system often requires an enterprise to adopt many changes in order to exploit the full set of capabilities generated by the new system. However, the new IT system itself can often act as a barrier to change rather than as an enabler. The challenge in making sure that the new IT system serves as an enabler, rather than a barrier, to change requires the concurrent performance of three sets of activities with the aim of exploiting the synergies among them: redesign processes, develop and implement the system through a mix of internal talent and external suppliers, and involve the user community. Product Data Management (PDM) technology represents a substantial portion of the rather sizeable investment by industry in IT systems over the last decade. The selection, development, and deployment of PDM solutions were studied in the context of the aerospace industry, wherein data management (DM) is critical due to high product complexity and long system life cycles. A study of current PDM-related implementation experiences in nine different aerospace company sites highlights the difficulty in reaching PDM technology's full potential to deliver customer value. The timing of system implementation, the creation and composition of the team, and a willingness to overcome organizational inertia are the three most important factors in developing a solution that meets an organization’s needs. All three factors and the interactions across them are highlighted in the two case studies focusing on two companies designated as Aero Company and Space Company, respectively. Mon, 15 Aug 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84164 2005-08-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84163 Value-Based System of System Development Rebentisch, Eric AIAA Infotech Conference presentation Wed, 28 Sep 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84163 2005-09-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84162 The Tradespace Exploration Paradigm Ross, Adam M.; Hastings, Daniel E. Over the past five years, researchers working on a number of system design projects in the Space Systems, Policy, and Architecture Research Consortium (SSPARC) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a process of value-focused, broad tradespace exploration for the development of space systems. The broad tradespace framework has provided insights into communicating and quantifying the impact of changing requirements, uncertainty, and system properties such as flexibility and robustness. Additionally, insights have been made in applications to more complex cases, such as analyzing policy effects on system cost and performance, as well as understanding the time-dependent effects of architecture and design choices for spiral development. The tradespace exploration paradigm both broadens the perspective of designers in conceptual design to better understand the “physics” of the proposed solutions relative to one another, and focuses the designer on delivering systems of value to key system stakeholders. Sun, 10 Jul 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84162 2005-07-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84161 Cost Metrics for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Valerdi, Ricardo This paper aims to enhance the understanding of UAV cost metrics and their uses. The paper is organized into three main areas: (1) overview of current approaches for aircraft, (2) life cycle issues with UAV cost estimation, and (3) cost metrics and model approach as applied to UAVs. As a result of this work we hope to provide a better understanding of the cost factors influencing the recently publicized scrutiny of UAV cost overruns. More importantly, we hope to begin the foundation for the development of Cost Estimating Relationships (CERs) that can potentially lead to the development of a parametric cost model for UAVs. Mon, 26 Sep 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84161 2005-09-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84160 Sea Level Requirements as Systems Engineering Size Metrics Valerdi, Ricardo; Raj, Jatin The Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model (COSYSMO) represents a collaborative effort between industry, government, and academia to develop a general model to estimate systems engineering effort. The model development process has benefited from a diverse group of stakeholders that have contributed their domain expertise and historical project data for the purpose of developing an industry calibration. But the use of multiple stakeholders having diverse perspectives has introduced challenges for the developers of COSYSMO. Among these challenges is ensuring that people have a consistent interpretation of the model’s inputs. A consistent understanding of the inputs enables maximum benefits for its users and contributes to the model’s predictive accuracy. The main premise of this paper is that the reliability of these inputs can be significantly improved with the aide of a sizing framework similar to one developed for writing software use cases. The focus of this paper is the first of four COSYSMO size drivers, # of Systems Requirements, for which counting rules are provided. In addition, two different experiments that used requirements as metrics are compared to illustrate the benefits introduced by counting rules. Sun, 10 Jul 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84160 2005-07-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84159 A Framework for Understanding Uncertainty and its Mitigation and Exploitation in Complex Systems McManus, Dr. Hugh; Hastings, Prof. Daniel A framework to aid in the understanding of uncertainties and techniques for mitigating and even taking positive advantage of them is presented. The framework is an attempt to clarify the wide range of uncertainties that affect complex systems, the risks (and opportunities) they create, the strategies system architects can use to mitigate (or take advantage) of them, and the resulting system attributes. Current and developing methods for dealing with uncertainties are projected onto the framework to understand their relative roles and interactions. Sun, 10 Jul 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84159 2005-07-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84158 Effect of Schedule Compression on Project Effort Yang, Ye; Chen, Zhihao; Valerdi, Ricardo; Boehm, Barry Schedule pressure is often faced by project managers and software developers who want to quickly deploy information systems. Typical strategies to compress project time scales might include adding more staff/personnel, investing in development tools, improving hardware, or improving development methods. The tradeoff between cost, schedule, and performance is one of the most important analyses performed during the planning stages of software development projects. In order to adequately compare the effects of these three constraints on the project it is essential to understand their individual influence on the project’s outcome. In this paper, we present an investigation into the effect of schedule compression on software project development effort and cost and show that people are generally optimistic when estimating the amount of schedule compression. This paper is divided into three sections. First, we follow the Ideal Effort Multiplier (IEM) analysis on the SCED cost driver of the COCOMO II model. Second, compare the real schedule compression ratio exhibited by 161 industry projects and the ratio represented by the SCED cost driver. Finally, based on the above analysis, a set of newly proposed SCED driver ratings for COCOMO II are introduced which show an improvement of 6% in the model estimating accuracy. Tue, 14 Jun 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84158 2005-06-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84157 Enabling Factors in Successful Product Development Tang, Victor; Liu, Bing; Kellam, Benjamin A.; Otto, Kevin N.; Seering, Warren P. The research literature and industry best-practices report a vast number of enabling factors that contribute to successful product development (PD). Collectively this body of work also establishes the causal linkages between these enabling factors and overall success in PD. But what specific factors will produce what specific outcomes are vague and ambiguous. To address this apparent void, we find distinct sets of PD enabling factors that are statistically accurate predictors of the specific project outcomes of profit, market share, customer satisfaction, organizational effectiveness, and product quality. We are also motivated to help organizations improve their PD. To that end, we develop a diagnostic tool using the factors that predict our five PD outcomes. The tool is used to pinpoint weaknesses and focus improvements to achieve specific desired outcomes. Results of in situ testing of the tool are reported in this article. The guiding principles of this work are specificity and actionability: specific enabling factors that can produce specific results, and an actionable diagnostic-tool that practitioners can use to improve the practice and results of their PD projects. Mon, 15 Aug 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84157 2005-08-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84156 Synthesizing SoS Concepts for Use in Cost Estimation Lane, Jo Ann; Valerdi, Ricardo Today’s need for more complex, capable systems in a short timeframe is leading many organizations towards the integration of existing systems into networkcentric, knowledge-based system-of-systems (SoS). Software and system cost model tools to date have focused on the software and system development activities of a single system. When viewing the new SoS architectures, one finds that the effort associated with the design and integration of these SoSs is not handled well, if at all, in current cost models. This paper includes (1) a comparison of various SoS definitions and concepts with respect to cost models, (2) a classification of these definitions in terms of product, process, and personnel focus, and (3) the definition of a set of discriminators for defining model boundaries and potential drivers for an SoS cost estimation model. Eleven SoS definitions are synthesized to provide reasonable coverage for different properties of SoS and illustrated in two examples. Mon, 10 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84156 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84155 Non-Intrusive System Level Fault-Tolerance Lundqvist, Kristina; Srinivasan, Jayakanth; Gorelov, Sébastien High-integrity embedded systems operate in multiple modes, in order to ensure system availability in the face of faults. Unanticipated state-dependent faults that remain in software after system design and development behave like hardware transient faults: they appear, do the damage and disappear. The conventional approach used for handling task overruns caused by transient faults is to use a single recovery task that implements minimal functionality. This approach provides limited availability and should be used as a last resort in order to keep the system online. Traditional fault detection approaches are often intrusive in that they consume processor resources in order to monitor system behavior. This paper presents a novel approach for fault-monitoring by leveraging the Ravenscar profile, model-checking and a system-on-chip implementation of both the kernel and an execution time monitor. System fault-tolerance is provided through a hierarchical set of operational modes that are based on timing behavior violations of individual tasks within the application. The approach is illustrated through a simple case study of a generic navigation system. Mon, 20 Jun 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84155 2005-06-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84154 Assessing the Challenges to a Geosynchronous Space Tug System Richards, Matthew G.; Springmann, Philip N.; McVey, Michelle E. A space tug vehicle is designed to rendezvous and dock with a space object; make an assessment of its current position, orientation, and operational status; and then either stabilize the object in its current orbit or move the object to a new location with subsequent release. A subset of on-orbit servicing, space tug missions in the geosynchronous belt include stationkeeping of satellites which have lost attitude control and repositioning of satellites. Repositioning of spacecraft may be desirable as a means to rescue satellites launched into incorrect orbits, for the retirement of satellites into “graveyard” orbits, and for on-demand maneuvers that support flexible mission requirements. This paper aims to unify the political, legal, operational, and financial aspects of the space tug concept and highlight the challenges that stand in the way of an operational space tug vehicle. U.S. Space Transportation Policy is reviewed, and a space tug operation is recognized as an enabler of emerging national space transportation requirements. Customary international and United States laws are explored as potential constraining forces on future tug missions. A concept of operations in geosynchronous orbit, including parking orbit selection and approach strategies, is analyzed with emphasis placed on safety and reliability. Potential financing models and the issue of insurance for space tugs are discussed and identified as the principal challenges facing implementation of a space tug system. This paper offers a positive forecast for the future of on-orbit servicing and endorses continued government support for proof-of-concept missions. Tue, 29 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84154 2005-03-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84153 Accelerating the Development of Senior Systems Engineers Davidz, Heidi L.; Nightingale, Deborah J.; Rhodes, Donna H. As more senior systems engineers are needed to handle the increasing complexity of contemporary systems, there is an increasing need to accelerate the development of these senior professionals. However, the process of efficiently developing a senior systems engineer is not well-understood. To compact this problem, the skill set needed by senior systems engineers continues to broaden as system complexity increases and as system boundaries expand. In order to better understand the mechanisms that most effectively and efficiently develop these individuals, this article discusses enablers, barriers, and precursors to this development process. In addition to reviewing related literature, specific interventions currently used to accelerate systems thinking development are discussed. Findings from ongoing research related to this topic provide preliminary information about current understanding and practice. Better understanding of systems thinking development provides a foundation for educational interventions and employee development in systems thinking for engineering professionals across industry, government, and academia. Sun, 10 Jul 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84153 2005-07-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84152 Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration as Front End for Effective Space System Design Ross, Adam M.; Hastings, Daniel E.; Warmkessel, Joyce M.; Diller, Nathan P. The inability to approach systematically the high level of ambiguity present in the early design phases of space systems causes long, highly iterative, and costly design cycles. A process is introduced and described to capture decision maker preferences and use them to generate and evaluate a multitude of space system designs, while providing a common metric that can be easily communicated throughout the design enterprise. Communication channeled through formal utility interviews and analysis enables engineers to better understand the key drivers for the system and allows for a more thorough exploration of the design tradespace. Multi-attribute tradespace exploration with concurrent design, a process incorporating decision theory into model- and simulation-based design, has been applied to several space system projects at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Preliminary results indicate that this process can improve the quality of communication to resolve more quickly project ambiguity and to enable the engineer to discover better value designs for multiple stakeholders. The process is also integrated into a concurrent design environment to facilitate the transfer of knowledge of important drivers into higher fidelity design phases. Formal utility theory provides a mechanism to bridge the language barrier between experts of different backgrounds and differing needs, for example, scientists, engineers, managers, etc. Multi-attribute tradespace exploration with concurrent design couples decision makers more closely to the design and, most important, maintains their presence between formal reviews. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84152 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84151 Using Stakeholder Value Analysis to Build Exploration Sustainability Rebentisch, Eric S.; Crawley, Edward F.; Loureiro, Geilson; Dickmann, John Q.; Catanzaro, Sandro N. The sustainability of space exploration will depend in large part on its ability to consistently and reliably deliver valued benefits to societal stakeholders over an extended period. This on-going research studies the values of prospective stakeholders in the space exploration enterprise—both in the near term and with a perspective extending over decades. The immediate focus is human and robotic exploration of the Earth/Moon system, but extends to the exploration of Mars as well. Potential beneficiaries of space exploration are identified in broad societal sectors. An analysis of these stakeholders, their values and needs leads to the development of a comprehensive set of space exploration objectives that address those needs. The relative priority of exploration objectives is weighted using information about stakeholder characteristics, values, and their role and place in the exploration value stream. The weighted exploration objectives can then be used to assess the relative value of different technical system architectures, and to design exploration enterprise architecture, attributes and policy frameworks to enable value delivery to societal stakeholders. Ultimately, through stakeholders’ continuing support, sustainable space exploration will be delivered. Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84151 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84150 A Next Generation Launch Capacity Model for the U.S. Eastern Range Steare, David H.W. 2nd NRO/AIAA Workshop on Space Launch Integration presentation Tue, 02 May 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84150 2000-05-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84149 Cross-Industry Characterization of Spacecraft Integration and Test Discrepancies: Transforming Discrepancies into Product Development Improvements Weigel, Annalisa L.; Warmkessel, Joyce M. This paper presents the results of cross-sector benchmarking research on discrepancies encountered during spacecraft system-level integration and test. Analysis results demonstrate which subsystems have the highest occurrence of discrepancies, which integration and test environments precipitate the greatest number of discrepancies, and what the leading causes are of discrepancies. In addition, the paper presents cost data for spacecraft discrepancies, and concludes with a discussion of important factors to consider in evaluating the cost-benefit trade of upstream preventative investment to avoid problems before they occur versus downstream reactive measures after problems occur. Tue, 19 Sep 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84149 2000-09-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84148 Tube Production and Assembly Systems: The Impact of Compliance and Variability on Yield Wei, Yu-Feng; Thornton, Anna C. Variation modeling is used in design to predict and diagnose potential quality problems. Most variation modeling assumes the parts are rigidly assembled. However, in some cases, this assumption is invalid. For example, when hydraulic tubes are assembled into aircraft structures, the compliance of the tube facilitates assembly. If the tubes were rigid, they cannot be assembled, i.e., the variations of the tubes and structures are too great. Despite the importance of compliance in assembly, it is typically not explicitly modeled during design. This paper proposes a new method to directly predict the assemblability of any tube design with minimal dependence CAD/FEM modeling and simulation. The model includes a variation model for the tubes and aircraft, compliance model and assembly model. It can be used during design to improve yields. Sun, 10 Sep 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84148 2000-09-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84147 A Framework for Achieving Lifecycle Value in Aerospace Product Development Stanke, Alexis; Murman, Earll Creation of lifecycle value - a balance of performance with cost and other attributes - represents a challenge for the development of aerospace products in the twenty-first century. This paper examines the concept of lifecycle value that stems from existing approaches of value management and analysis, lifecycle costing, and systems engineering. To ascertain common characteristics of lifecycle value creation, case studies were done for four aircraft programs: F/A- 18E/F, JAS 39 Gripen, F-16C/D, and B-777. A lifecycle value creation framework is introduced, comprised of three phases: value identification, value proposition, value delivery. Based upon observed practices in the four case studies, six value creation attributes were identified. Capability maturity models for the six attributes and three value creation phases are presented. The resulting framework represents a starting point for programs seeking to create lifecycle value for aerospace products. Wed, 11 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84147 2001-04-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84146 Value Stream Analysis and Mapping for Product Development McManus, Hugh L.; Millard, Richard L. This paper explores the concept of Value Stream Analysis and Mapping (VSA/M) as applied to Product Development (PD) efforts. Value Stream Analysis and Mapping is a method of business process improvement. The application of VSA/M began in the manufacturing community. PD efforts provide a different setting for the use of VSA/M. Site visits were made to nine major U.S. aerospace organizations. Interviews, discussions, and participatory events were used to gather data on (1) the sophistication of the tools used in PD process improvement efforts, (2) the lean context of the use of the tools, and (3) success of the efforts. It was found that all three factors were strongly correlated, suggesting success depends on both good tools and lean context. Finally, a general VSA/M method for PD activities is proposed. The method uses modified process mapping tools to analyze and improve process. Sun, 08 Sep 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84146 2002-09-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84145 Introduction to LAI Murman, Earll M. Introduction to LAI (delivered at AEDC) presentation Wed, 26 Sep 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84145 2001-09-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84144 Process Capability Database Usage In Industry: Myth vs. Reality Tata, Melissa M.; Thornton, Anna C. Process capability data (PCD) is needed for robust design, optimal tolerance allocation, and variation simulation analysis. Process capability databases (PCDBs) have been developed in many industries and are being used by the manufacturing community to monitor quality; however, they are not being effectively utilized by design. When the PCDBs1 were developed, the intent was for design to use PCD for optimization and product cost minimization, but this ideal situation has not been realized. A survey of a variety of design and manufacturing companies was circulated to determine both the state-ofthe- art in PCDBs and the barriers preventing design from fully utilizing PCD. Two key barriers were identified for internal PCDBs: lack of a company-wide vision for PCD usage and poor communication between manufacturing and design. Supplier PCDBs have the additional barriers of lack of trust between suppliers and customers and time lag for data entry. Management support, training, database population, and common systems were identified as potential solutions to the identified barriers. Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84144 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84143 Use of Dependency Structure Matrices for Product Development Cycle Time Reduction Browning, Tyson R. Cycle time reduction is an important aspect of integrated product and process development (IPPD). This paper outlines some of the challenges that impede efforts to reduce cycle time for complex system development projects. Several facets of these challenges can be summarized using the general concept of design iterations. After reviewing this concept, the paper provides an overview of a process modeling approach utilizing dependency structure matrices (DSMs - also known as design structure matrices). DSMs allow a simple, visual representation of processes and highlight potential iterations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the ways DSM-based methods help manage some of the cycle time reduction challenges. Wed, 15 Jul 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84143 1998-07-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84142 Sources of Schedule Risk in Complex System Development Browning, Tyson R. From one perspective, developing complex systems is an exercise in uncertainty reduction and risk management. In this article I first organize the principle sources of risk in product development into five categories: market risk, product performance risk, technology risk, development cost risk, and schedule risk. Second, I synthesize research findings from literature and interviews with experienced product development managers and system engineers at a major aerospace company regarding the sources of uncertainty underlying one of these categories, schedule risk. Relationships between these sources of schedule uncertainty are shown using a causal framework. The goal of this preliminary work is to highlight areas for increased attention in planning and management processes, while providing a systems view of the effects of certain actions. Sun, 26 Jul 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84142 1998-07-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84141 Exploring Integrative Mechanisms with a View Towards Design for Integration Browning, Tyson R. The integrated product development (IPD) paradigm has gained recognition as a preferred approach to product development. In complex system development programs, the concurrent engineering aspect of IPD is often approached through the use of integrated product teams (IPTs), each assigned to develop various components of the overall system. Many have struggled to determine the characteristics of highly effective IPTs and the circumstances in which particular perspectives should be incorporated within an IPT. However, much less research has addressed the nature and management of the relationships between IPTs—the integration of IPTs within a program. While many have lamented that coordination problems have played a large part in diminishing the performance of their overall programs, a systematic approach for considering these issues a priori in program design is lacking. This paper presupposes a familiarity with interteam integration issues and (1) describes a framework for thinking about organization integration within a program, (2) presents integrative mechanisms (IMs) useful for managing IPT interfaces, and (3) begins to develop a systematic approach for designing programs that explicitly considers integration needs, design for integration (DFI). Wed, 20 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84141 1997-08-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84140 Mechanisms for Interteam Integration: Findings from Five Case Studies Browning, Tyson R. Many product development programs consist of multiple integrated product teams (IPTs) and functional groups. Interteam information dependencies greatly affect program success. Program integration has thus become an issue of increasing interest. This paper summarizes findings from five case studies of integrative mechanisms (IMs) in complex system product development projects at Chrysler, General Electric Aircraft Engines, McDonnell Douglas, Sundstrand, and Texas Instruments. Two types of IMs are investigated in this paper: (1) Systems engineering and interface optimization and (2) Improved information and communication technologies. As the appropriateness of a given IM varies as a function of many parameters—such as program stage, size, complexity, risk, etc.—the goal of this research was not to formulate a universal template for IM application. Rather, it is hoped that the lessons learned by these five programs will help others determine the appropriateness of particular IMs in their situations. Also, the continued development of an IM categorization scheme will hopefully prove useful to those developing an integration “tool kit.” Sun, 03 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84140 1997-08-03T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84139 Multi-team Integration: Interdependence and Integrative Mechanisms Browning, Tyson R. The drive towards Integrated Product Development (IPD) includes an impetus to organize around Integrated Product Teams (IPTs). The use of IPTs has brought with it many issues, including those at the IPT interfaces. Program integration (crossfunctional, upstream/downstream, customer and supplier) can exist at several levels, within IPTs and between IPTs. This paper focuses on the realm of IPT interdependence and categorizes several Integrative Mechanisms (IMs) to facilitate interteam integration. IMs are strategies and tools for effectively coordinating actions across IPTs within a program. This paper is based on studies in the aerospace industry, but the implications extend to any large, complex development program. Sun, 07 Jul 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84139 1996-07-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84138 Methods of Integrating Design and Cost Information to Achieve Enhanced Manufacturing Cost/Performance Trade-offs Hoult, David P.; Meador, C. Lawrence In this paper we address problems which arise when large organizations attempt a tight integration of design and cost while developing complex products. Topics include the sources of cost and design data, the arrangement of the databases, and the interfaces required. We also discuss the management methods required to develop and implement Design/Cost Database Commonality. Sun, 01 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84138 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84137 Empirical Research on Systems Thinking and Practice in the Engineering Enterprise Rhodes, Donna H.; Lamb, Caroline T.; Nightingale, Deborah J. The paper discusses recent and ongoing research on engineering systems thinking and practices within the Engineering Systems Division at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. . The research seeks to impact the effectiveness of systems engineering in modern enterprises through development of new empirical-based knowledge related to systems thinking and practice in engineering. The paper will discuss research progress and outcomes to date as they apply to improving the effectiveness of systems engineering practice and competency development in industry, government and academia. The research involves highly collaborative engagement, use of grounded theory methods, and both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The challenges and lessons learned in performing research of this nature and applying non-traditional methods in systems engineering research are discussed. Mon, 07 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84137 2008-04-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84136 Systems Thinking as an Emergent Team Property: Ongoing Research into the Enablers and Barriers to Team-level Systems Thinking Twomey Lamb, Caroline; Rhodes, Donna H. This paper describes ongoing research exploring systems thinking at the team level. Termed collaborative systems thinking by the authors, the concept of higher level systems thinking is envisioned as a means both to build workforce competency and to explicitly deal with system complexity at a higher level within an organization. This paper introduces the key research questions, an initial definition of collaborative systems thinking, demographic and technical motivators, and summarizes the research progress to date and plan for completion. The results of this research will inform the design of technical processes and provide empirical knowledge to support workforce development interventions aimed at developing systems thinking within engineering teams. The role of organizational culture is also considered as a factor in enabling collaborative systems thinking. Mon, 07 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84136 2008-04-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84135 Enterprises as Systems: Context, Boundaries, & Practical Implications Valerdi, Ricardo; Nightingale, Deborah; Blackburn, Craig 6th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Fri, 04 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84135 2008-04-04T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84134 Enterprise Risk in Acquisition: Initial Findings and Implications Wirthlin, Major Robb Seventh National Symposium on Space Systems Engineering & Risk Management presentation Tue, 26 Feb 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84134 2008-02-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84133 Collaborative Systems Thinking: Towards an Understanding of Team-level Systems Thinking Twomey Lamb, Caroline; Nightingale, Deborah J.; Rhodes, Donna H. As the engineering workforce ages, skills with long development periods are lost with retiring individuals faster than are younger engineers developing the skills. Systems thinking is one such skill. Recent research, (Davidz 2006), has shown the importance of experiential learning in systems thinking skill development. However, an engineering career begun today has fewer program experiences than in past decades because of extended program lifecycles and a reduction in the number of new large-scale engineering programs. This pattern is clearly visible in the aerospace industry, which (Stephens 2003) cites as already experiencing a systems thinking shortage. The ongoing research outlined in this paper explores systems thinking as an emergent property of teams. Collaborative systems thinking, a term coined by the authors to denote teamlevel systems thinking, may offer an opportunity to leverage and develop a skill in short supply by concentrating on the team in addition to the individual. This paper introduces the proposed definition for collaborative systems thinking, as developed by the authors, and the outlines the structure and progress of ongoing case research into the role of organizational culture and standard process usage in the development of collaborative systems thinking. Fri, 04 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84133 2008-04-04T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84132 Understanding Enterprise Risk Across an Aquisition Portfolio: A Grounded Theory Approach Wirthlin, Major Joseph R.; Seering, Warren; Rebentisch, Eric Every acquisition program contains risks. But what impact do these risks have on the entire portfolio of acquisition activities? What does risk at the Enterprise level really mean? For example, risk collectively could portend great danger to the acquisition manager’s overall portfolio which might be otherwise masked by traditional program performance and analysis. Alternatively, these risks also might represent opportunities to achieve greater results when analyzed from a portfolio perspective. Initial review of the literature suggests that most leaders are unable to articulate the risk carried by their portfolio of product development activities or what this means to them. However, the same literature suggests they strongly desire this capability. Beginning with a review of the applicable literature in the areas of risk, product development (acquisition) and product portfolio management, portfolio-level risk applications are found to be sparse and ill-conceived. Initial analysis of interviews with portfolio leaders involving military product development activities in portfolios of large, complex, system development will be presented with a discussion of the implications of enterprise risk for product portfolio management. Tue, 26 Feb 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84132 2008-02-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84131 Collaborative Systems Thinking Research: Exploring Systems Thinking within Teams Lamb, Caroline T.; Rhodes, Donna H. This paper describes ongoing research that seeks to develop an empirical basis for collaborative systems thinking, defined as “an emergent behavior of teams resulting from the interactions of team members and utilizing a variety of thinking styles, design processes, tools, and communication media to consider system attributes, interrelationships, context and dynamics towards executing systems design”. This type of thinking is critically important to addressing engineering systems challenges, and the research seeks to inform and enable effective systems engineering practice in contemporary engineering enterprises. Focusing on the aerospace domain, collaborative systems thinking is examined through the alignment of enterprise culture and standard technical processes. This paper draws on a variety of literature to compose a definition of collaborative systems thinking and propose a research agenda going forward. Sun, 15 Jun 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84131 2008-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84130 Measuring Systems Engineering Success: Insights from Baseball Blackburn, Craig; Valerdi, Ricardo Optimizing the efficiency of socio-technical systems and determining accurate measurements of performance is a critical issue in many systems engineering enterprises. In our analysis we explore some of the recurring themes of Michael Lewis’s study of baseball, depicted in the best selling book Moneyball, and we make the connection to corresponding systems engineering principles of interest. The paper will focus on the systems engineering roadmap inspired by Lewis’ study for developing and refining a meaningful set of metrics for organizational transformation. The following steps are highlighted to convey this transformation with the assistance of metrics: identify and understand value in the enterprise and your organization; consider an integrated system focus in your organization; use cost analysis methods to implement a strategy for executing the transformation; and manage risk throughout operations and improve the process continuously. Sun, 15 Jun 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84130 2008-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84129 Human Factors Analysis of Predator B Crash Carrigan, Geoff; Long, Dave; Cummings, M.L.; Duffner, John The 2006 crash of a Predator B in Arizona has prompted a great amount of scrutiny into Unmanned Arial System (UAS) operations. The direct cause of the Predator crash can be tied to an initial failure of the displays and a failed transfer of controls between operators. However, using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), many latent errors that contributed to the accident were uncovered that were not addressed by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) report. The HFACS approach for this accident examined all issues leading up to the crash and uncovered several organizational influences that were significant contributors to the Predator crash. Through augmenting NTSB efforts with the HFACS method, future UAS incidents can be prevented by addressing all causes, regardless of their distance from the pilot’s seat. Tue, 10 Jun 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84129 2008-06-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84128 Strategy Alignment & Deployment through Enterprise Change Capabilities Roth, Dr. George DoD CPI Symposium presentation Tue, 13 May 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84128 2008-05-13T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84127 The Changing Nature of Systems Engineering and Government Enterprises: Report from a Case Study Research Effort Brooks, JoAnn M.; Beard, Jon W.; Carroll, John S. In this paper, we examine the changing nature of systems engineering work and, in particular, how The MITRE Corporation is confronting the challenges of expanding its role and capabilities to deliver what it calls “Enterprise Systems Engineering” to its government clients. Systems engineers exemplify technical knowledge workers whose work is expanding beyond the traditional skills and habits of thought developed through their disciplinary training (cf., Davidz 2006). Changes in technology, systems acquisition practices, and enterprise structures are challenging systems engineers to expand their roles and capabilities to manage the boundaries among technological systems and organizations of many sizes and types (e.g., government customers, systems integrators, suppliers, end users). Systems development takes place in an ever more complex environment of inter-organizational enterprises where implementation increasingly catalyzes enterprise change and demands greatly expanded and often unrecognized roles beyond that of technical expert or project manager. Thu, 10 Jul 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84127 2008-07-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84126 Zen in the Art of Cost Estimation Valerdi, Ricardo 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Systems Engineering (APCOSE) presentation Mon, 22 Sep 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84126 2008-09-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84125 Zen in the Art of Cost Estimation Valerdi, Ricardo Engineering cannot wait until all phenomena are explained. Engineers may work effectively, often for centuries, with heuristics. This paper provides over thirty heuristics that have been inspired by the development and application of a systems engineering cost estimation model. The objective of this paper is to present such heuristics in a simple manner so that they can benefit those that develop, calibrate, and use cost models. Mon, 22 Sep 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84125 2008-09-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84124 Cultural Barriers to the Adoption of Systems Engineering Research Valerdi, Ricardo 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Systems Engineering (APCOSE) presentation Mon, 22 Sep 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84124 2008-09-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84123 Cultural Barriers to the Adoption of Systems Engineering Research Valerdi, Ricardo An extensive amount of time and money is spent on developing methodologies and tools to improve the systems engineering process but much less is spent on addressing the organizational factors that can facilitate or hinder their adoption. This is partially due to engineering approach to problem solving which is technology centric. What is needed is an organization centric approach that complements the methods and tools being developed and considers the context in which they will be used. This paper explores the notion of adoption of systems engineering research by focusing on a specific example involving measurement systems. Results from an industry survey on the most critical attributes for adoption are presented and implications of these results are discussed in terms of the broader issue of systems engineering research. Mon, 22 Sep 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84123 2008-09-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84121 Paradigms of Development and Employment of Weapon Systems Gillespie, Daniel M. Weapons procurement decisions are extremely complex, with an unmanageable quantity of variables to take into account. The human brain, unable to process such a complex problem in a strictly rational way, seeks mechanisms to bound the problem and therefore simplify it. One way this occurs is through the development of paradigms, or common viewpoints held by decision makers that incorporate the irrational, emotional, and qualitative experience and knowledge, as well as quantitative knowledge such as analysis and test results. A paradigm in use by decision makers in the U.S. Air Force is the propensity to buy weapons developed and produced in America. This study traces the origins of this paradigm, and how it evolved over time. Drawing on examples from recent history it identifies the sources of the paradigm which are: a need to maintain the nation’s technological base, the inadequacy of foreign weaponry to meet U.S. needs, the fact that the U.S. economy is able to support a strong defense industry, the ability to advance its policies by transfer of weapons to allies, the desire to share standardized equipment with allies, and the desire to gain the economic benefits from being an exporter of weapons. It concludes that existing paradigms influence what weapon systems the U.S. will procure, and that in turn affects the strategy the nation employs. Relating the paradigm of American-made weapons procurement to the cases of the F-35 fighter and the recently cancelled Air Force tanker program, it asks questions about the future of weapons procurement choices in a global defense environment. Thu, 23 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84121 2008-10-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84120 Lean Product Development in the Aerospace Enterprise Rebentisch, Eric The International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS) 2008 Annual Conference presentation Sun, 14 Sep 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84120 2008-09-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84119 Lean Enterprise Transformation Framework Srinivasan, Jayakanth "JK" DoD CPI Symposium presentation Tue, 13 May 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84119 2008-05-13T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84118 Architecting Lean Software Enterprises: The TODC Story Srinivasan, Jayakanth 'JK' Workshop on Open Innovation in Services, University of Cambridge, UK presentation Sat, 13 Dec 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84118 2008-12-13T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84117 Driving Open Innovation: Learning from Three Cases Srinivasan, Jayakanth 'JK' SMS Conference on Strategic Innovation in a Flat World, Indian School of Business, India presentation Fri, 12 Dec 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84117 2008-12-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84116 Architecting Systems for Value Robustness: Research Motivations and Progress Ross, Adam M.; Rhodes, Donna H. The contemporary environment and large-scale systems challenges motivate research in support of a new paradigm: value robustness. Value robustness is defined as the ability of a system to continue to deliver stakeholder value in the face of changing contexts and needs. The authors’ research seeks to develop methods for concept exploration, architecting, and design using a dynamic perspective for the purpose of realizing systems, products, and services that deliver sustained value to stakeholders in a changing world. The research is aimed at improving the development of real world systems and systems of systems, and involves deep engagement with government and industry stakeholders in the research conduct and the transition of research outcomes to industry practice. Mon, 07 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84116 2008-04-07T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84114 Navigating the Metrics Landscape: An Introductory Literature Guide to Metric Selection, Implementation, & Decision Making Blackburn, Craig; Valerdi, Ricardo The focus of this paper is to depict the vast landscape of literature related to enterprise performance measurement in a concise and comprehensible manner for researchers and practitioners. We focus particularly on the enterprise as the unit of analysis and consider measurement systems from stakeholders at all levels. A broad range of considerations will be explored, ranging from micro-level considerations such as employee performance measurement to macro-level considerations such as enterprise measurement systems. Moreover, we discuss measurement-related problems identified in practice and solutions proposed in academic literature. To illustrate this evolution of measurement knowledge over time, we discuss the effects of metrics from three distinct viewpoints: (1) selecting the right metrics, (2) creating and implementing measurement frameworks; and (3) metrics for decision making. Mon, 20 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84114 2009-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84112 Practical Implementation of an Enterprise Measurement System: From Inception to Transformation Blackburn, 2ndLt. Craig; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 7th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Mon, 20 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84112 2009-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84110 Navigating the Metrics Landscape: An Introductory Literature Guide to Metric Selection, Implementation, & Decision Making Blackburn, 2ndLt. Craig; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 7th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Mon, 20 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84110 2009-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84109 Product Development Process Standardization in Multi-Project Organizations Rupani, Sid 20th Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society (POMS 2009) presentation Fri, 01 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84109 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84107 Product Complexity and Mode Choice in Global Product Development Makumbe, Pedzi; Seering, Prof. Warren; Rebentisch, Dr. Eric 20th Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society (POMS 2009) presentation Fri, 01 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84107 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84106 Product Complexity and Mode Choice in Global Product Development Makumbe, Pedzi; Seering, Warren; Rebentisch, Eric Despite the growth in the practice of global product development, little work has been done to understand factors that influence mode choice in global product development. Our research fills this gap in the literature by empirically investigating variables that drive firms to either globally outsource, globally partner or develop modules themselves in a foreign country. We assume a product-centric view, and combine the transaction cost theory and the resource based view of the firm to explain mode choices based on the analysis of electromechanical products developed across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and South America for (or by) American firms. Though we focus on complexity, we address product content specificity, product strategic importance and designer’s technological capability as well. We find significant relationships between the type of global product development and the product characteristics. However, the significance of the relationship between complexity and the mode varies by region when we divide the world into emerging countries and mature countries. While the relationship is significant in the emerging countries, it is not significant in mature countries. These findings have implications for decision making in systematically assigning modes of development to different products being developed globally. Fri, 01 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84106 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84105 Unbundling Standardization: Product Development Processes in Multi‐Project Organizations Rupani, Sid 2nd International Symposium on Engineering Systems presentation Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84105 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84104 Teaching an Engineering Systems Doctoral Seminar: Concepts and Structure Roberts, Christopher; Magee, Prof. Christopher; Sussman, Prof. Joseph Second International Symposium on Engineering Systems presentation Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84104 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84103 Enterprise Systems Principles Nightingale, Prof. Debbie International Engineering Systems Symposium presentation Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84103 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84102 Re-conceptualizing the Work of Systems Engineers Dixit, Indrajeet; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo MIT 2nd International Engineering Systems Symposium presentation Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84102 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84096 Harmonizing Systems and Software Cost Estimation Wang, Gan; Valerdi, Ricardo; Gaffney, John E. Jr. The objective of this paper is to examine the gaps and overlaps between software and systems engineering cost models with intent to harmonize the estimates in engineering engineering estimation. In particular, we evaluate the central assumptions of the COSYSMO and COCOMO II models and propose an approach to identify gaps and overlaps between them. We provide guidelines on how to reconcile and resolve the identified gaps and overlaps. The ultimate purpose of this work is to develop effective techniques for accurately estimating the combined systems and software engineering effort for software-intensive systems. Sun, 19 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84096 2009-07-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84095 Towards a Holistic, Total Engineering Cost Model Wang, Gan; Turnidge, Jon; Shernoff, Alex; Valerdi, Ricardo In this paper, we explore a new approach for a unified and interdisciplinary model for estimating the total engineering effort in developing and delivering a parametric software-intensive complex system. We begin by reviewing some of the limitations of using existing engineering discipline-focused tools for estimating total engineering cost and by articulating the benefits of such a holistic model. Applying a two step method combining heuristic analysis and data validation, we propose three hypotheses to expand the basic cost estimating relationship of COSYSMO, a systems engineering model, to the total engineering scope by including software size drivers. The implementation of the hypotheses and the validation approach are also discussed. We conclude the discussion by outlining the future work required to realize such a model and to apply it to supporting successful system development endeavours. Sun, 19 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84095 2009-07-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84094 An Exploration of Matching Teaching to the Learning Preferences of Systems Engineering Graduate Students Valerdi, Ricardo; Ferris, Tim; Jain, Rashmi; Kasser, Joseph This paper provides an exploratory study on the relationship between learnings of systems engineering graduate students and delivery methods of systems preference engineering coursework. We begin by providing an overview of learning in the systems engineering context, followed by two central research questions that guide the rest of the paper. Our study is focused on measuring learning preferences based on a previously developed survey instrument called VARK. We provide a detailed description of VARK and some insight into the existing database that sheds light on the typical distribution of learning preferences across disciplines. We provide some preliminary results and discuss their implications on systems engineering curriculum development and delivery. Finally, we discuss additional questions that remain to be explored as we strive to understand the learning preferences of systems engineering graduate students. Sun, 19 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84094 2009-07-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84093 The Human Element of Decision Making in Systems Engineers: A Focus on Optimism Valerdi, Ricardo; Blackburn, Craig Biases continue to be an important aspect of human judgment and decision making because they can lead to unfavorable outcomes. Optimism bias is one type of bias that is often overlooked because of its association with good health and positive outcomes. However, the existence of optimism bias in human judgment can be very damaging especially when it distorts a person’s view of future events. In order to better understand optimism bias we explore the benefits and downsides of optimism as well as some empirically-based origins of both optimism and pessimism. This provides a backdrop for a methodology for quantifying optimism and pessimism using the Brier score developed for calibrating weather reporters and a discussion about how sports bookies make well-calibrated decisions. Results are explored from an optimism survey given to a cohort of eighty systems engineers, which ultimately portray the degree to which optimism bias influences decision making in large projects. Further exploration of the key differences in optimism across professions helps distinguish motivational factors and characteristics of well-calibrated professions. We also present results from a calibration exercise, designed to infer if such activities can be adopted to assist systems engineering estimation. Finally, we provide prescriptive advice on how individual decision makers can better manage their optimism and become more realistic. Sun, 19 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84093 2009-07-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84092 Approaches to Calculating Systems Engineering Schedule in Parametric Cost Models Gaffney, John E.; Valerdi, Ricardo; Ross, Michael A. This paper provides two similar approaches for calculating project schedule from a systems engineering perspective. To illustrate the genesis of each approach, we provide two analogies; one from economics and one from physics. These are complemented with mathematical derivations that provide quantitative comparisons of the tradeoff between the duration of a project and the optimal effort. Connections are made to Books’ Law and Parkinson’s Law to validate the theoretical discussion with the pragmatic observations from the software engineering literature. Mon, 20 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84092 2009-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84091 Exploring the Sources of Enterprise Agility in Software Organizations Srinivasan, Jayakanth; Lundqvist, Kristina; Norstöm, Christer Organizations involved in the design, development and sustainment of software systems have to manage the tension between creating new products and services, while at the same time maintaining their existing portfolio. This paper explores the sources of enterprise agility in software firms, wherein agility is defined as the ability of the organization to sense changes in its environment (both internal and external), and effectively respond to these changes. Using engaged scholarship as the overarching paradigm, we report on the findings of a process study that uses semi-structured interviews, observation, and archival firm & project information for data gathering, and grounded theory methods and comparative case analysis for data analysis and theory generation. The analysis highlights the importance of the four organizational enablers of: stakeholder alignment, employee empowerment, group & organizational learning, and governance mechanisms, as necessary but not sufficient precursors to obtaining enterprise agility. Furthermore, we provide illustrative case examples of the three mechanisms: Continuous Improvement, Creating Systems of Innovation, and Leveraging Globally available Capabilities, that software organizations use to gain enterprise agility. Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84091 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84089 Principles of Enterprise Systems Nightingale, Deborah The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) through its Lean Advancement Initiative (LAI) research team has been conducting research and facilitating enterprise-level transformations in large complex sociotechnical enterprises for over fifteen years. These enterprises have spanned a broad base of industries and governmental organizations including aerospace, automotive, electronics, health care, transportation, construction, defense acquisition and logistics, research labs and many others. What has emerged from both the action research in the field and its application in case studies in graduate courses is the concept of “overarching” enterprise principles and transformation methodologies that are independent of the industry or organization. A framework for transformation that consists of a set of interdependent methodologies, tools and enterprise principles that support holistic enterprise transformation is described and includes the following five elements: 1) Key Principles of Enterprise Thinking, 2) Enterprise Transformation Roadmap, 3) Lean Enterprise Self Assessment Tool (LESAT), 4) Enterprise Strategic Analysis for Transformation (ESAT) and 5) Enterprise Architecting Framework. The application of this framework to the enterprise systems analysis and design of various industry and governmental organizations is discussed. Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84089 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84088 Estimating Systems Engineering Reuse Fortune, Jared; Valerdi, Ricardo; Boehm, Barry W.; Settles, F. Stan Systems engineering reuse is the utilization of previously developed systems engineering products or artifacts such as architectures, requirements, and test plans across different projects. Such reuse is intended as a means of reducing development cost, project schedule, or performance risk, by avoiding the repetition of some systems engineering activities. Although projects involving systems engineering reuse are becoming more frequent, models or tools for estimating the cost, benefit, and overall impact on a project as a result of reusing products or artifacts have not yet been adequately developed. This paper provides an overview of systems engineering reuse and recent developments with the Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model (COSYSMO) to estimate the effect of reuse on systems engineering effort. The overview of systems engineering reuse includes a review of how reuse is handled in other domains and results from an industry survey. The recent developments in COSYSMO presents on-going research in the creation of a reuse extension for the model such as the identification of categories of systems engineering reuse, reuse extensions for the size drivers in the model, and a revised set of cost drivers. Mon, 20 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84088 2009-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84087 Beyond Cost: Product Complexity and the Global Product Development Location Advantage Makumbe, Pedzi; Seering, Warren; Rebentisch, Eric Discussions of location advantages in global product development are largely based on self-reported surveys, and often agnostic to product characteristics. We build on this previous work by investigating location advantages and the influence of product complexity using negative binomial models. We find that the likelihood of developing products in a country increases as its market size, number of engineering graduates and national capability increases. However, it neither varies with labor cost nor market growth rate. We also find that complex products are more likely to be developed in countries with high national capability, and national capability is directly related to firm capability. Mon, 24 Aug 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84087 2009-08-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84086 Finding Opportunities for Commonality in Complex Systems Long, Lt. Col. David; Seering, Warren; Rebentisch, Eric Many complex systems with similar functionalities are independently developed, entered into service, and must be supported through their lifecycles. Costs to support and maintain the systems could be decreased by employing strategies that increase commonality in the systems. We present a process for identifying opportunities and evaluating subsystems for increasing commonality in complex systems. Stakeholders can use our process to improve system management and decrease support costs of systems. Mon, 24 Aug 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84086 2009-08-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84078 Teaching an Engineering Systems Doctoral Seminar: Concepts and Structure Roberts, Christopher J.; Magee, Christopher L.; Sussman, Joseph M. This paper describes the current state of the evolving engineering systems doctoral seminar in the Engineering Systems Division (ESD) at MIT. This subject is required for all first year engineering systems doctoral students. It is intended to bring them into the culture of ESD, and to establish a common base on which subsequent subjects can build. It is the first of three required subjects that make up the core of the ESD doctoral program. The seminar is intended to provide students with the foundations and context of engineering systems, largely focused on providing an appreciation for the many facets of socio-technical complexity. We discuss the seminar’s pedagogy, learning objectives, assignments and readings, and provide insights gained from teaching the course. Mon, 15 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84078 2009-06-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84076 Scenario Planning in Dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration Roberts, Christopher J.; Richards, Matthew G.; Ross, Adam M.; Rhodes, Donna H.; Hastings, Daniel E. The long time scales associated with complex system design and operation necessitate front-end systems engineering methodologies that enable consideration of alternative futures. This paper advances scenario planning techniques through a parameterization and ordering of potential future contexts and stakeholder expectations (e.g., articulated system attributes, available technology, funding levels, and supporting infrastructures). After surveying existing approaches for scenario planning, a methodology for specifying and analyzing large numbers of alternative system timelines is presented. A satellite radar case study is used to motivate and illustrate the value of this approach. Benefits of the methodology include: (1) broader and more rigorous consideration of alternative future needs, contexts, and timelines, (2) identification of gaps in traditionally-derived scenario sets, (3) identification of passively value-robust system alternatives, and (4) providing a basis for evaluating system evolution strategies that enable sustainment of value delivery across potential timelines. Mon, 23 Mar 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84076 2009-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84075 Unbundling Standardization: Product Development Processes in Multi-Project Organizations Rupani, Sid INFORMS Annual Meeting presentation Sun, 11 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84075 2009-10-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84074 Product Development Practices for Meeting Financial Objectives Makumbe, Pedzi; Gupta, Nisheeth; Rebentisch, Eric; Seering, Warren; Barrett, Christie; Gordon, Mike; Musso, Chris; Link, Jochen This paper reports product development practices that separate the most successful product development programs from the rest. A detailed understanding of best product development practices is important because product development is fundamental to corporate success (Clark & Fujimoto, 1991; Eisenhardt & Tabrizi, 1995; Eppinger & Chitkara, 2006). Teams from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and McKinsey and Company have collaborated to investigate practices used for 112 product development projects at 57 firms in the medical device, industrial, and high-tech industries. Preliminary results suggest that certain practices are particularly important for influencing project outcomes. Our research is consistent with and contributes to best practices reported previously by the Product Development and Management Association (PDMA) (see Barczak, Griffin, & Kahn, 2009; Griffin & Page, 1996; Page, 1993). As this previous research has shown, best practices in product development evolve. For example, the 1990 PDMA study found that successful firms differentiated themselves from the rest by having well defined New Product Development (NPD) processes and new product strategies (Page, 1993). The second study, conducted in 1995, found that successful firms measured their product development efforts and outcomes, did qualitative market research, and used engineering design tools such as CAD (Griffin & Page, 1996). The third study, completed in 2003, found that successful firms put more emphasis on portfolio management, use a wide variety of software tools, have supporting organizational mechanisms and processes in place, and use formal processes for generating ideas (Barczak, Griffin, & Kahn, 2009). The findings presented here contribute additional understanding of practices that lead to successful product development. Researchers and practitioners often investigate product development from the perspectives of cost, schedule, and performance. There are many more ways to evaluate product development processes and outcomes (Cooper, 1979). Griffin and Page (1996) identified over 75 different product development metrics documented in the literature. Some researchers categorize these metrics into firm level, project level, or product level metrics (e.g. Montoya-Weiss & Calantone, 1994); others categorize them into financial and non-financial metrics (e.g. Hart, 1993). This paper presents our work on correlating product development practices with a broad set of financial metrics. Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84074 2009-10-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84073 High Performing Hospital Enterprise Architecture: Insights from a Multi-method Exploratory Case Oliveira, Jorge F.; Nightingale, Deborah J.; Wachendorf, Maria T. The US healthcare system is a critical infrastructure grappling with as much as 16% of the GDP in its expenditures and unsatisfactory outcomes, and undergoing considerable public scrutiny. High ranking officials have both singled out the US healthcare system as the most expensive and among the least effective in the developed world. Hospitals hoping to find “The Toyota Way” so as to rid themselves of waste through lean and six sigma improvement initiatives, have mostly focused in applying tools at a process level, rather than adopting an enterprise perspective and understanding the full breadth of their socio-technical complexity. This paper adopts a systems thinking approach in describing a leading Boston hospital’s enterprise architecture through a multi-method exploratory case. The initial exploratory question proposed by hospital senior leadership was “How to speed patient flow in the Emergency Department?”, however as results became available, the scope was expanded to include the whole hospital enterprise. Both qualitative and quantitative data evidence were collected through a variety of methods, namely observation, archival records, documentation, and interviews. Analysis includes techniques consistent with the grounded theory approach, as well as more traditional quantitative data analysis. Hospital enterprise performance is hypothesized to be related to hospital enterprise architecture, and an alternative hospital enterprise architecture is proposed as well as future work. Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84073 2009-12-03T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84071 Collaborative Systems Thinking: Uncovering the Rules of Team-level Systems Thinking Twomey Lamb, Caroline; Rhodes, Donna H. IEEE International Systems Conference presentation Wed, 25 Mar 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84071 2009-03-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84070 PD Practices for Meeting Financial and Operational Objectives Makumbe, Pedzi; Gupta, Nisheeth; Rebentisch, Eric; Seering, Warren; Gordon, Mike; Barrett, Christie; Musso, Chris; Link, Jochen 33rd Product Development and Management Association (PDMA) Annual International Conference presentation Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84070 2009-10-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84069 Optimizing Optimism in Systems Engineers Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo Biases continue to be an important aspect of human judgment and decision making because they often occur subconsciously and can frequently lead to unfavorable outcomes. Optimism bias is one type of cognitive illusion that is often overlooked because of its association with good health and positive outcomes. However, the existence of optimism bias in human judgment can be very damaging especially when it distorts a person's view of future events. In order to better understand optimism bias we explore the benefits and downsides of optimism as well as some empirically-based origins of both optimism and pessimism. This provides a backdrop for a methodology for quantifying optimism and pessimism followed by a discussion about certain professions that make well-calibrated decisions. Results are explored from an optimism survey given to a cohort of eighty systems engineers, which ultimately portray the degree to which optimism bias influences decision making in the estimation of cost and schedule of large projects. A calibration exercise is designed to calibrate optimism in systems engineers with the ultimate goal of helping cost estimation realism. Finally, prescriptive advice is provided to help individual decision makers better optimize their optimism. The implications of this work are twofold. First, the mechanism for quantifying optimism in systems engineers provides useful insight into the degree of optimism that exists among this group of decision makers. This can influence a number of decision making processes that may traditionally be seen as immune from biases due to their routine nature. Second, the process for calibrating optimism provides a way to validate the effectiveness of optimism reduction techniques on different types of decision makers. It also helps to distinguish between certain people who are more receptive to bias corrections and are therefore more likely to be better estimators in real life. Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84069 2009-11-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84068 Using Cost Models to Capture Project Risk: A Knowledge-Based Approach Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 12th ECALAS (ECATA Alumni Association) International Aerospace Seminar: Risk and Opportunity Management in Programs presentation Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84068 2009-10-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84067 The Lean Advancement Initiative (LAI) at MIT and Principles of Enterprise Systems Nightingale, Prof. Debbie Boeing Lean+ Conference presentation Tue, 21 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84067 2009-04-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84066 Principles of Lean Enterprises Nightingale, Prof. Debbie BAE Systems 2009 Global Lean Summit Mon, 04 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84066 2009-05-04T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84049 A Lean Enterprise Systems Approach to Healthcare Transformation Nightingale, Prof. Deborah MIT Conference on Systems Thinking for Contemporary Challenges presentation Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84049 2009-10-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84048 Deploying the LAI Lean Academy at Northeastern University McManus, Hugh 2009 Lean Educator Conference presentation Thu, 28 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84048 2009-05-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84047 Designing a Lean Healthcare Curriculum Murman, Earll M. Lean Educator Conference presentation Thu, 28 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84047 2009-05-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84046 Unbundling Standardization: Product Development Processes in Multi-Project Organizations Rupani, Sid CCC Annual Doctoral Colloquium presentation Fri, 15 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84046 2009-05-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84045 Finding Common Ground: A Value-Focused Approach to Military UAS Airspace Integration Cropsey, Major Luke C.G. Integrating unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into nonsegregated1 airspace is a topic of much debate and significant energy, particularly with respect to military operations. This paper applies leading‐edge research in enterprise architecting and value focused thinking to examine the development of alternative approaches to the U.S. military’s UAS airspace integration challenge. The motivation for this research drew upon several years of experience the author had in attempting to coordinate and integrate multiple U.S. military and other government agencies in an effort to secure wider operational use of nonsegregated airspace for military UAS operations. Mon, 20 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84045 2009-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84044 Unmanned and Autonomous Systems of Systems Test and Evaluation: Challenges and Opportunities Ferreira, Susan; Medvidović, Nenad; Deonandan, Indira; Valerdi, Ricardo; Hess, John; Mikaelian, Tsoline; Shull, Gayle The introduction of Unmanned and Autonomous Systems (UAS) brings substantial, interesting, and in many cases, new challenges to the Department of Defense’s Test and Evaluation community. The test and evaluation of UASs becomes significantly more complicated than traditional systems, especially as we approach more fully autonomous systems and need to test integrated systems of systems in joint military operational testing environments. Compounding the multi-faceted considerations involved in test and evaluation, systems have continuously increasing complexity and capabilities and can be at different maturity levels. Emergent properties, particularly those that are unplanned and undesired, also need to be considered. Challenges identified by the Unmanned and Autonomous Systems Test community and related to the test and evaluation of the UASs are discussed. This paper presents various approaches for addressing these challenges including an innovative Prescriptive and Adaptive Testing Framework and decision support system, PATFrame. Mon, 05 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84044 2010-04-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84043 Accelerating System of Systems Engineering Understanding and Optimization through Lean Enterprise Principles Lane, Jo Ann; Valerdi, Ricardo By applying a lean enterprise lens to studies of the evolving field of system of systems engineering (SoSE), it has been observed that many SoSE teams are developing processes that are consistent with many lean enterprise principles. These SoSE processes are designed to efficiently evolve the group of systems to meet new needs using limited resources. This paper provides further insights and recommendations for the evolution of system of systems processes using lean concepts. We conclude with a discussion of the potential conflicts between SoSE and lean paradigms and provide thirteen SoS case studies to illustrate the emphasis on lean thinking. Mon, 05 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84043 2010-04-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84042 When Systems Thinking Is Not a Natural Act Valerdi, Ricardo; Rouse, William B. Competence in systems thinking is implicitly assumed among the population of engineers and managers – in fact, most technical people will self-identify as systems thinkers. But systems thinking competencies are not as prevalent as these assertions might lead one to assume. Controlled experiments show that systems thinking performance, even among highly educated people, is poor. This paper provides a set of systems thinking competencies and demonstrates how these are not as common as advertised. We also discuss how these competencies can be measured. Our main thesis is that systems thinking is not a natural act because evolution has favored mechanisms tuned to dealing with immediate surface features of problems. We discuss the implications of this philosophy and provide recommendations for closing Mon, 05 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84042 2010-04-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84041 Better Requirements Decomposition Guidelines Can Improve Cost Estimation of Systems Engineering and Human Systems Integration Liu, 2ndLt. Kevin; Valerdi, R.; Laplante, P. 8th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84041 2010-03-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84040 Automating Systems Engineering Risk Assessment Madachy, Ray; Valerdi, Ricardo 8th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84040 2010-03-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84039 COSYSMO & COSYSMO-R Parameter Estimation Biases Smith, Eric D.; Pineda, Ricardo L.; Aldous, Karla; Valerdi, Ricardo 8th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84039 2010-03-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84038 Lessons Learned about Mixed Methods Research Strategies in Systems Engineering: Evidence from PhD Dissertations Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo; Liu, 2ndLt. Kevin; Fortune, Dr. Jared 8th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research presentation Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84038 2010-03-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84037 Towards a Framework of Research Methodology Choices in Systems Engineering Brown, Samantha; Valerdi, Ricardo; Muller, Gerrit 8th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84037 2010-03-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84036 The Role of Complexities in Systems Engineering Cost Estimating Processes Young, Leone Z.; Farr, Dr. John V.; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 8th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) presentation Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84036 2010-03-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84035 A Systems-of-Systems Perspective on Healthcare: Insights from Two Multi-method Exploratory Cases of Leading UK and US Hospitals Oliviera, Jorge F.; Nightingale, Deborah J.; Wachendorf, Maria T. Several developed nations around the world are grappling with high healthcare expenditures and unsatisfactory outcomes. High level country benchmarks show that there is wide variation in health outcomes for countries with similar levels of income and education [1,2,3], and the US healthcare system in particular is often singled out as the least effective system amongst developed countries [4]. A common US and UK characteristic is that the highest source of healthcare expenditures are hospital services and infrastructure [5,6]. Consequently, the strategies and operations developed and implemented by hospitals have a significant effect on access, quality, and cost of care [7]. This paper’s intended contribution is twofold. Firstly, to provide a system’s perspective of healthcare beyond traditional high level country benchmarking exercises, and conduct two exploratory cases of leading hospital enterprises, one from the US and another from the UK, so as to further our understanding of hospitals’ inherent system complexity, which has remained buried within traditional high level comparative country statistics. Secondly, to address a recent call from the systems engineering community to adopt a multidisciplinary research approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative methods with the goal of further supporting the systems-of-systems (SoS) practice. Mon, 05 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84035 2010-04-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84034 A Prescriptive and Adaptive Framework for UAS SoS Testing in LVC Environment Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo ITEA Live-Virtual-Constructive Conference presentation Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84034 2010-01-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84033 Enterprise Strategic Analysis for Transformation for the Materiel Enterprise Rebentisch, Dr. Eric INFORMS Annual Meeting presentation Thu, 08 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84033 2010-04-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84032 Using Relational Model Transformations to Reduce Complexity in SoS Requirements Traceability: Preliminary Investigation Dickerson, Charles; Valerdi, Ricardo The principles and methods of Model Driven Architecture are applied to the problem of requirements traceability for a System of Systems (SoS). Model transformations of operational threads are used to reduce the complexity of modeling mission requirements and their flow into the architecture of the SoS. The allocation of requirements to operational mission threads (OMTs) rather than to individual systems reduces the complexity of the requirements tracing. Relational transformations provide a mathematically based formalism for model transformations that permit precise computation of the transformation of operational threads into threads of systems allocated from the SoS. Connectivity requirements for the SoS are also exposed in this way and the number of permissible system threads are seen to correspond directly to the number of permissible transformations. The principles and methods are illustrated by an elementary case study for sensor fusion. Tue, 22 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84032 2010-06-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84031 Test and Evaluation of a SoS using a Prescriptive and Adaptive Testing Framework Hess, John T.; Valerdi, Ricardo Testers need the ability to adapt test planning on the order of days and weeks. PATFrame will use its reasoning engine to prescribe the most effective strategies for the situation at hand. Strategies in this context include methods of experimental designs, test schedules and resource allocation. By facilitating rapid planning and re-planning, the PATFrame reasoning engine will enable users to use information learned during the test process to improve the effectiveness of their own testing rather than simply follow a preset schedule. This capability is particularly attractive in the domain of Systems of Systems testing because the complexity of test planning and scheduling make frequent re-planning by hand infeasible. Tue, 22 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84031 2010-06-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84030 Cost and Risk Considerations for Test and Evaluation of Unmanned and Autonomous Systems of Systems Deonandan, Indira; Valerdi, Ricardo; Lane, Jo Ann; Macias, Filiberto The evolutionary nature of Unmanned and Autonomous systems of systems (UASoS) acquisition needs to be matched by evolutionary test capabilities yet to be developed. As part of this effort we attempt to understand the cost and risk considerations for UASoS Test and Evaluation (T&E) and propose the development of a parametric cost model to conduct trade-off analyses. This paper focuses on understanding the need for effort estimation for UASoS, the limitations of existing cost estimation models, and how our effort can be merged with the cost estimation processes. We present the prioritization of both technical and organizational cost drivers. We note that all drivers associated with time constraints, integration, complexity, understanding of architecture and requirements are rated highly, while those regarding stakeholders and team cohesion are rated as medium. We intend for our cost model approach to provide management guidance to the T&E community in estimating the effort required for UASoS T&E. Tue, 22 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84030 2010-06-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84029 Cost and Risk Considerations for Test and Evaluation of Unmanned and Autonomous Systems of Systems Deonandan, Indira; Valerdi, Ricardo; Lane, JoAnn; Macias, Filiberto IEEE Systems of Systems Engineering Conference presentation Tue, 22 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84029 2010-06-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84028 Improving Enterprise Decision-Making: The Benefits of Measure Commonality Friedman, Alissa H. 14th Annual PSM Users' Group Conference presentation Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84028 2010-07-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84027 Heuristics for Systems Engineering Cost Estimation Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 14th Annual PSM Users' Group Conference presentation Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84027 2010-07-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84026 Practical Software and Systems Measurement: A Foundation for Objective Project Management Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo; Peña, Mauricio COSYSMO Requirements Volatility Workshop presentation Mon, 26 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84026 2010-07-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84025 Use of the Air Force HSI Requirements Pocket Guide to Improve Writing and Interpretation of Human-Centered Requirements Liu, Kevin; Simpkiss, Bridget; Valerdi, Ricardo; Greene, Fran Undersea Human Systems Integration Symposium 2010 presentation Tue, 27 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84025 2010-07-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84024 How Engineers Really Think About Risk: A Study of JPL Engineers Hihn, Dr. Jairus; Chattopadhyay, Deb; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 25th International Forum on COCOMO and Systems/Software Cost Modeling presentation Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84024 2010-11-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84023 Characterizing the Impact of Requirements Volatility on Systems Engineering Effort Peña, Mauricio; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo 25th International Forum on COCOMO and Systems/Software Cost Modeling presentation Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84023 2010-11-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84022 A Systematic Approach to Estimate the Life Cycle Cost and Effort of Project Management for Technology Centric Systems Development Projects Young, Leone; Valerdi, Dr. Ricardo; Wade, Dr. Jon 25th International Forum on COCOMO and Systems/Software Cost Modeling presentation Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84022 2010-11-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84021 Development, Validation and Implementation Considerations of a Decision Support System for Unmanned & Autonomous System of Systems Test & Evaluation Cowart, Kris; Valerdi, Ricardo; Kenley, C. Robert Test Week 2010, Policies, Programs, People, and Resources presentation Mon, 14 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84021 2010-06-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84020 A Survey of Systems and Improvement Approaches for Psychological Healthcare Wang, Judy; Kamin, Cody; Glover, Wiljeana J. This paper reviews the literature to date that uses industrial and systems engineering and operations management methods to improve psychological healthcare in the military setting as well as in the civilian sector. The study findings are categorized using an Enterprise Architecture framework; the categorization highlights the enterprise architecting views that have been more thoroughly studied and those areas that have not been addressed as extensively by the present research. The review also found that methods based in industrial and systems engineering and operations management concepts related to improvements in policy may be developed more holistically in the both the military and civilian sectors. In conclusion, methods used to improve psychological healthcare in both sectors may be transferable across sectors and should be considered for to the improvement of psychological health at large. Sat, 21 May 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84020 2011-05-21T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84019 LAI and Enterprise Excellence: Presented to Lean Flight Initiative 4 Kenley, C. Robert Lean Flight Initiative 4 Conference presentation Wed, 11 May 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84019 2011-05-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84018 Convergence of Expert Opinion via the Wideband Delphi Method: An Application in Cost Estimation Models Valerdi, Ricardo This paper discusses the notion of collective intelligence through the application of the Wideband Delphi method as a way to obtain convergence among a group of experts. The specific application is the definition and calibration of cost estimation models that use data collected from experts as part of their calibration. Convergence is important in this case because companies need to commit to cost estimates early in the planning cycle since so many other decisions are dependent on it. Our results demonstrate that, in most cases, convergence among experts can be achieved after three rounds of the Wideband Delphi. Mon, 20 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84018 2011-06-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84017 Using Prediction to Improve Patient Flow in a Health Care Delivery Chain Peck, Jordan; Gaehde, Stephan; Benneyan, James; Graves, Stephen; Nightingale, Deborah Often, in a health care delivery chain, lack of coordination has been detrimental to timely, high quality care. This paper focuses on the two steps of the hospital health care delivery chain, an emergency department and a hospital’s inpatient units. Past research into this chain has suggested that early prediction of patient need for admission can be used to better align flow between the two departments. This chain and the nature of prediction in health care delivery are discussed as well as a how prediction may be useful in this context. Finally tools for making admission predictions are tested and their possible implications are explored. The results of this exploration show that both expert opinion and a Naïve Bayesian statistical approach have predictive value in this context. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84017 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84016 Using Prediction to Improve Patient Flow in a Health Care Delivery Chain Peck, Jordan 2011 Technology Management and Policy Graduate Consortium presentation Sun, 26 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84016 2011-06-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84015 It’s All Rocket Science: On the Equivalence of Development Timelines for Aerospace and Nuclear Technologies Crépin, Maxime; Kenley, C. Robert; El-Khoury, Bernard Early in the lifecycle of a system development, systems engineers must execute trade studies to allocate resources between different research and development efforts that are developing technologies to be deployed into the system, and they must prepare risk management plans for the selected technologies. We have been developing a statistical model for schedule and cost uncertainty based on a small number of inputs that are quite objective and are already integrated with technology readiness assessment. An algorithm that transforms Technical Maturity (TM) scores from Department of Energy projects into a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) score was created, allowing us to add data from a US Department of Energy to an existing set of data from NASA. We statistically tested whether the two samples (i.e. the DoE and NASA datasets) were randomly drawn from the same population and concluded that the transition times for developing aerospace and nuclear technologies are very similar. Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84015 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84014 An Analysis of TRL-Based Cost and Schedule Models Kenley, C. Robert; El-Khoury, Bernard The GAO's, NASA's, and the DoD's adoption of the technology readiness level (TRL) scale to improve technology management has led to the emergence of many TRL-based models that are used to monitor technology maturation, mitigate technology program risk, characterize TRL transition times, or model schedule and cost risk for individual technologies, as well as technology systems and portfolios. In the first part of this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to classify those models based on the (often implicit) assumptions they make; we then propose modifications and alternative models to make full use of the assumptions. In the second part, we depart from those assumptions and present a new decision-based framework for cost and schedule joint modeling. Mon, 30 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84014 2012-04-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83430 Agile Manufacturing and Customer- Supplier Relations in the Auto and Aircraft Industries Whitney, Daniel E.; Fine, Charles H. Presentation on agile manufacturing and customer-supplier relations in auto and aircraft industries Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83430 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83429 Communications IPT Silviano, Deneen Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83429 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83428 Factory Operations Team Shields, Tom Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83428 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83427 Factory Operations Ford Electronics Benchmark Everett, Jim Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83427 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83426 Implementation IPT Packner, Mike; Klein, Jan; Cantrell, John Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop conference Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83426 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83425 The Lean Enterprise Model “A Lean Enterprise Reference Tool” Lean Aircraft Initiative Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83425 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83424 Organizational Change Driscoll, Dave Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83424 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83423 Policy and External Environment Program Instability Rebentisch, Eric S. Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83423 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83422 Supplier Integration Into Design and Development Bozdogan, Kirk; Deyst, John; Hoult, Dave Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 16 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83422 1996-10-16T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83421 Welcome and Introduction of New Members Harris, Wesley L. Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 15 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83421 1996-10-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83420 Communications IPT Silviano, Deneen Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Thu, 09 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83420 1997-10-09T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83419 Program Director Welcome Murman, Earll Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83419 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83418 Program Future Directions Murman, Earll Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83418 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83417 The Role of the Schedule Development Process McNutt, Capt Ross Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83417 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83416 LEM IPT Shields, Tom; Harmon, Ed; Meadows, Don Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83416 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83415 Product Development Focus Group Grose, David L. Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83415 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83414 Implementation IPT Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Joel Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83414 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83413 System Producibility Analysis: Chains in Early Design Phases Cunningham, Tim Presentation on system producibility Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83413 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83412 Cycle Time Reduction Using Design Structure Matrices Browning, Tyson R. Overview: - Some cycle time reduction challenges - Task-based design structure matrices (DSMs) - How DSM method meets challenges - Part 2: David Grose on applications at Boeing Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83412 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83410 Product Development Team Deyst, John Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 08 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83410 1997-10-08T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83409 Supplier Relations Focus Team Report Bozdogan, Kirk Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 05 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83409 1997-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83408 Program Instability Rebentisch, Eric Outline: - Background - Executive Board actions - Data sources - Policy recommendation topics - Supporting data - Summary Wed, 05 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83408 1997-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83407 Policy and External Environment Focus Team Report Bodine, James F. Agenda: - Introduction - Program Instability Research - Policy Team Program Instability - Change Recommendations - Economic Incentives Research - Policy Team Economic Incentives - Change Recommendations - Path Forward Wed, 05 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83407 1997-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83405 Product Development Focus Team Deyst, John Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 05 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83405 1997-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83404 Factory Operations Focus Team Shields, Tom Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 05 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83404 1997-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83403 Economic Incentives Research Harris, Wes Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 05 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83403 1997-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83402 Communications IPT Silviano, Deneen Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 05 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83402 1997-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83400 Introduction Harris, Wesley L. Lean Aircraft Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Mon, 05 Mar 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83400 2007-03-05T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83399 Lean Implementation Nightingale, Debbie Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Thu, 15 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83399 1998-10-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83396 Three-Dimensional Concurrent Engineering: Clockspeed-based Principles for Product, Process, and Supply Chain Development Fine, Prof. Charles I. Introduction & Motivation II. Fruit Flies & Clockspeed III. Supply Chain Design/Development matters IV. 3-D Concurrency--an architectural approach V. 3-D Concurrency--two at a time VI. Conclusions Sun, 01 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83396 1998-03-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83395 Communications IPT Silviano, Deneen Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 01 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83395 1998-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83394 Cycle Time Reduction through Integrated Supplier Networks: Overview and Introduction Bozdogan, Kirk Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83394 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83392 Cycle Time Reduction with Part Synchronization Shields, Tom Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83392 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83391 Policy Economic Incentives: C-17 Case Study Harris, Wes Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83391 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83389 Implementation Workshop Highlights: Customer and Supplier Integration Across the Supply Chain Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Joel Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83389 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83388 Key Characteristic Maturity Model Ertan, Basak Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83388 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83387 Lean Sustainment Initiative Overview Harris, Wes; Brewer, Dan Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 01 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83387 1998-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83386 LEM IPT Nightingale, Debbie; Bentley, Geoffrey Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83386 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83384 Workshop Wrap-up Murman, Earll M. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83384 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83383 Program Director’s Welcome Murman, Earll M. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83383 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83381 Reaching Out to Commercial Suppliers Rebentisch, Eric Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83381 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83380 Integration of Space into LAI Warmkessel, Joyce M. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83380 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83379 Wrap-Up Bozdogan, Kirk Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 31 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83379 1998-03-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83376 Design Methods in the Aerospace Industry: Looking for Evidence of Set-Based Methods Bernstein, Joshua Overview: - Introduction - What is set-based concurrent engineering (SBCE)? - Investigating aerospace industry design practices - Lessons and recommendations Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83376 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83375 Models for Analyzing Complex System Development Cost, Schedule, and Performance Risks Browning, Tyson R. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83375 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83374 Implementation IPT Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Joel Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Thu, 15 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83374 1998-10-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83373 Communicating Lean Everett, Jim; Such, Robert Presentation on communicating lean Thu, 15 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83373 1998-10-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83372 Economic Incentives within Acquisition Reform: A Summary of Six Case Studies Harris, Wes Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83372 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83371 R,D&E and Product Development Metrics Hauser, John Presentation on R,D&E and Product Development Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83371 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83369 Value Stream Mapping: An External Perspective Henderson, Prof. Rebecca Presentation on value stream mapping Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83369 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83368 S70A Derivative Helicopters Holmes, Chris Overview: – Define system architecture – Relation to helicopters – Hypothesis Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83368 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83367 Causes and Impacts of Engineering Changes Hsu, Ted Lean Aerospace Initiative Product Development & Supplier Relations Focus Teams Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83367 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83365 Product and Technology Development Through Strategic Alliances With Suppliers Fealing, Prof. Kaye Husbands Presentation on the role of strategic alliances in product and technology development Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83365 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83363 Identifying the Product Development Value Stream McManus, Hugh Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83363 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83362 Welcome and Theme Introduction Murman, Earll M. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83362 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83360 Transition to Lean Module Nightingale, Debbie Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Thu, 15 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83360 1998-10-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83358 Production System Implementation Reynal, Vicente Presentation on production system implementation in low volume/medium mix non-aerospace company Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83358 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83357 Communicating Lean Silviano, Deneen Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop conference Thu, 15 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83357 1998-10-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83356 Introduction to Product Value Stream Warmkessel, Joyce M. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop conference Wed, 14 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83356 1998-10-14T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83354 Bringing Down Barriers: Communicating a Vision Silviano, Deneen Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop conference Wed, 24 Mar 1999 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83354 1999-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83353 Transition-To-Lean Pilot Project Nightingale, Debbie Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 23 Mar 1999 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83353 1999-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83351 Welcome and Theme Introduction Murman, Earll M. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 23 Mar 1999 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83351 1999-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83350 Making Lean Work for People Kochan, Thomas A. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Tue, 23 Mar 1999 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83350 1999-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83348 Looking Forward to Phase III Harris, Cliff Lean Aerospace Initiative Workshop Tue, 23 Mar 1999 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83348 1999-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83347 Coordination Strategies for the Lean Enterprise Bozdogan, Kirk Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Workshop presentation Wed, 24 Mar 1999 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83347 1999-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83346 Enhancing Enterprise Value: Welcome and LAI Overview Murman, Earll An LAI Plenary Conference presentation Wed, 29 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83346 2000-03-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83345 Enhancing Enterprise Value: Value to Investors Myers, Stewart C. An LAI Plenary Conference presentation Wed, 29 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83345 2000-03-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83344 Enhancing Enterprise Value: Creating Value Across The Enterprise Pitts, James F. An LAI Plenary Conference Wed, 29 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83344 2000-03-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83343 Lean Enterprise Model Bentley, Goeff; Nightingale, Debbie; Taneja, Abhinav Presentation on LEM Wed, 29 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83343 2000-03-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83342 Knowledgemediaries Taneja, Abhi Agenda: - Overview of IT Industry - Knowledge Management v/s - Knowledgemediaries - Concept of Knowledgemediaries - 4 C’s of Knowledgemediaries - Case Studies - Technologies Wed, 29 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83342 2000-03-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83341 Enhancing Enterprise Value: A Multidimensional Value Framework Warmkessel, Joyce M. An LAI Plenary Conference presentation Wed, 29 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83341 2000-03-29T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83340 Lifecycle Value Framework for Tactical Aircraft Product Development Hallander, Ingrid; Stanke, Alexis This paper is a draft version of the forthcoming publication in the Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual International Symposium of INCOSE (July 2001). Sun, 01 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83340 2001-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83339 Growing the Lean Community Stanke, Alexis A Framework for Achieving Best Lifecycle Value Wed, 11 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83339 2001-04-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83338 Growing the Lean Community Shields, Tom Production Operations Transition-to-Lean Wed, 11 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83338 2001-04-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83337 Growing the Lean Community Scott, Rob Aerospace Employment and Skills: Past Performance and Future Projections Wed, 11 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83337 2001-04-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83336 Summary of Research Conducted by the Manufacturing Systems Team Gutowski, Prof. Timothy; Shields, J. Thomas; Vaughn, Mandy The Manufacturing Systems team is one of the focus groups within the Lean Aerospace Initiative whose goal is to document, analyze and communicate the design attributes and relationships that lead to significant performance improvements in manufacturing systems in the defense aerospace industry. This paper will provide a usable record of what work has been done by the Manufacturing Systems team and it is aimed at releasing research conducted by the LAI in the field of manufacturing systems. The purpose of this paper is to present the research conducted by the Manufacturing Systems team in the framework provided by the Transition-To-Lean Roadmap. The research results are presented briefly within this framework and each phase of the paper ends with and extensive list of resources for further reference. Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83336 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83335 Growing the Lean Community Nightingale, Deborah Enterprise Transition to Lean Roadmap Thu, 12 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83335 2001-04-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83334 Growing the Lean Community Nightingale, Deborah LESAT - Lean Enterprise Self-Assessment Tool Wed, 11 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83334 2001-04-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83333 Growing the Lean Community Shields, Tom Manufacturing System Design: An Overview Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83333 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83332 Growing the Lean Community Rebentisch, Eric Organizing for Subsystem Commonality Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83332 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83331 Growing the Lean Community Rebentisch, Eric Managing Subsystem Commonality Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83331 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83330 Growing the Lean Community Millard, Rich PD VS Analysis and Mapping Tools Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83330 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83329 Growing the Lean Community McManus, Hugh Breakout Session: Understanding the Product Development Value Stream Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83329 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83328 Inventing the Organizations of the New Economy Malone, Thomas W. Presentation on inventing the organizations of the new economy Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83328 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83327 Growing the Lean Community McManus, Hugh; Harmon, Ed Lean Product Development Definitions and Concepts Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83327 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83326 Manufacturing System Design / Manufacturing Strategy Lean Advancement Initiative Presentation on manufacturing system design Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83326 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83325 Three Views of Product Development Complexity Eppinger, Steven D. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Conference presentation Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83325 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83324 Growing the Lean Community Deyst, John Understanding Risk and Uncertainty Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83324 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83323 Growing the Lean Community Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Joel Creativity and Adult Learning Principles Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83323 2001-04-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83322 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Shah, Nirav; Davidz, Heidi LEAP - Lean Effects on Aerospace Programs Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83322 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83321 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Nightingale, Debbie Presentation on the lean aerospace journey Tue, 26 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83321 2002-03-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83320 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Vaughn, Mandy Product Realization in the Defense Aerospace Industry Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83320 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83319 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Stanke, Alexis Lean Effects on Aerospace Programs, F-16 Case Study Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83319 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83318 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Rebentisch, Eric Managing Intellectual Capital for the Long Haul Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83318 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83317 LESAT Implementation Breakout Session Mize, Joe; Hallam, Cory LAI Plenary Conference presentation Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83317 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83316 New Methods for Architecture Selection and Conceptual Design: Space Systems, Policy, and Architecture Research Consortium (SSPARC) Program Overview McManus, Hugh; Warmkessel, Joyce Presentation on SSPARC program Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83316 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83315 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Hitchings, Sean Lean Effects on Aerospace Programs, Atlas Case Study Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83315 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83314 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Blake, Don A. Lean Effects on Aerospace Programs, Boeing 737 Fuselage, Comments and Insights Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83314 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83313 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Hallam, Cory R. A. LESAT Actions in Industry Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83313 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83312 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Ferdowsi, Bobak Lean Effects on Aerospace Programs, Boeing 737 Fuselage Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83312 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83311 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Davidz, Heidi Lean Effects on Aerospace Programs, Raytheon AMRAAM Case Study Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83311 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83310 Organizing for Product Development and Transfer to Manufacturing Allen Presentation on product development and manufacturing Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83310 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83309 Value Creation in Product Development Warmkessel, Joyce "Value Creation Through Integration," LAI Workshop Wed, 30 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83309 2002-01-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83308 A Framework for Integration from the Manufacturing Perspective Shields, Tom "Value Creation Through Integration," LAI Workshop Wed, 30 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83308 2002-01-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83307 Integration - Framing Shields, Tom "Value Creation Through Integration," LAI Workshop Wed, 30 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83307 2002-01-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83306 Supplier Networks Perspective Bozdogan, Kirk "Value Creation Through Integration," LAI Workshop Wed, 30 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83306 2002-01-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83305 Creating Value Through Integration: Valuation Techniques for Complex Space Systems McVey, Michelle Presentation on valuation techniques for complex space systems Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83305 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83304 Creating Value Through Integration: Valuation Techniques for Commercial Aircraft Program Design Markish, Jacob Presentation on valuation techniques for commercial aircraft program design Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83304 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83303 Fostering Innovation Across Aerospace Supplier Networks Kirtley, Aaron “Value Creation Through Integration," LAI Workshop, Fort Worth, TX Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83303 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83302 Value Creation in the Product Development Process Chase, Jim LAI Product Development Workshop Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83302 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83301 Opportunities for Lean Thinking in Aircraft Flight Testing & Evaluation Carreras, Carmen LAI Joint Workshop “Value Creation Through Integration” Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83301 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83300 Value Creation Though Integration: A Holistic Approach to the Design of Assembly Operations for Defense Aerospace Products Vaughn, Mandy Presentation on value creation in assembly operations for defense aerospace products Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83300 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83299 Value Creation Through Integration Workshop McManus, Hugh; Millard, Rich Value Stream Analysis and Mapping for PD Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83299 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83298 Organizing for Product Development Allen, Thomas J. In this paper, we propose four parameters that determine appropriate organizational structure for a research, development or engineering organization. Examining the positions that an organization occupies on the four parameters will determine relative need for interaction with the market and with supporting technologies as well as the need for coordination among project team members. This, along with the time needed to bring the product to market, can then be translated into an organizational structure, giving proper emphases to each of the three needs. Sat, 01 Dec 2001 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83298 2001-12-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83297 Cross Functional Teaming and Collaboration Allen, Tom Presentation on cross functional teaming and collaboration Thu, 31 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83297 2002-01-31T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83296 Enterprise Value: The New Lean Horizon Nightingale, Debbie; Gaskins, Kathern; Cool, Chris Future Vision: The Lean Enterprise Value Phase Wed, 27 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83296 2002-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83295 Educational Network Panel Lewis, Dick Presentation on education network panel Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83295 2003-03-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83294 Evolutionary Strategies in Product Development Ferdowsi, Bobak Presentation on product development evolutionary strategies Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83294 2003-03-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83293 Pioneering the Future of Aerospace: Focusing On the Total Enterprise Nightingale, Debbie Presentation on the total enterprise Tue, 25 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83293 2003-03-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83292 Lean Aerospace Initiative Annual Symposium Tondreault, Jeremy Overview: • Thesis perspective, problem statement, objectives and premise • Source data • Key Variables – Cost as a design requirement – Role of integrating downstream knowledge – Development methodology – Role of requirements • Summary Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83292 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83291 Budgeting for Evolutionary Acquisition and Spiral Development Spaulding, Tim Presentation on evolutionary acquisition and spiral development Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83291 2003-03-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83290 Implementation of IT Tools and Their Processes Hines, Eriska K. Presentation on IT tools implementation Thu, 27 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83290 2003-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83289 Graduate Education: Integrating Research, Curriculum and Practice Murman, Earll Presentation on graduate education Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83289 2003-03-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83288 Lean Enterprise Value Simulation Game McManus, Hugh; Rebentisch, Eric The Game: • A simulation of a complex aerospace enterprise • Philosophy draws heavily on LAI research and the recent book Lean Enterprise Value • Content and cases based on LAI member experience • Integrated with lecture material to provide intellectual basis, tools, and experiential learning Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83288 2003-03-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83287 The Role of System Representation and Collaboration in Design: Why Are Some Programs More Adaptable than Others? Dare, Lt. Col. Rob Agenda: • Why are Some Programs More Adaptable than Others? • Research Method and Definitions • System Representations • Collaborative Stakeholder Roles • Recommendations for practitioners Wed, 26 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83287 2003-03-26T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83286 Willingness to Change: Transformation through Innovation and Risk-taking Part II Roth, George Presentation on achieving transformation through innovation and risk-taking Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83286 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83285 Willingness to Change: Transformation through Innovation and Risk-taking Part I Roth, George Presentation on achieving transformation through innovation and risk-taking Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83285 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83284 Multi-Platform Thinking: Integrating the Lean Enterprise Haddad, Marc Presentation on integrating the lean enterprise Thu, 27 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83284 2003-03-27T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83283 Lean Enterprise Transformation: Measuring and Accelerating the Transition to Lean Hallam, Cory R. A. Presentation Outline: • Research Objectives • Strategic Value of the Lean Enterprise • Multi-Stakeholder Value Optimization • Lean Enterprise Self-Assessment Tool (LESAT) • Leading and Lagging Indicators of Lean Enterprise Transformation • Empirical Results in the Aerospace Industry • Accelerating the Lean Transformation - Linking LESAT to Strategic Objectives • Summary and Questions Tue, 25 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83283 2003-03-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83282 The Pursuit of Acquisition Intrapreneurs Forseth, Major Chris Presentation on acquisition intrapreneur traits Tue, 25 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83282 2003-03-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83281 C-130 Production at Warner Robins ALC: Lean Change at a Crossroads Dickmann, John Outline: • What is a C-130? • Lean timeline in C-130 PDM • Lean results in C-130 • Successes and Challenges Wed, 24 Mar 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83281 2004-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83280 Team Learning Strategies for Enterprise Transformation: The Case of Vicarious Learning Bresman, Henrik Presentation on vicarious team learning for enterprise transformation Wed, 24 Mar 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83280 2004-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83279 Lean Transformation at Warner Robins ALC: The Buy Purchase Request Process Cohen, Jessica L.; Walker, Tina Presentation on the buy purchase request process at Warner Robins ALC Wed, 24 Mar 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83279 2004-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83278 How Can You Train Lean Enterprise Leaders? Lean Advancement Initiative Lean Enterprise Value Simulation game Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83278 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83277 Sustaining Learning and Change Lean Advancement Initiative Capability-based model of reinforcing and balancing forces Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83277 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83276 Lean Success Breakout Sessions Lean Advancement Initiative Overview of sessions, dialogue for learning Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83276 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83275 Session on Revitalizing Systems Engineering Rhodes, Dr. Donna H. LAI 2004 Plenary Conference presentation agenda Tue, 23 Mar 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83275 2004-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83274 The Road Forward – Making Lean Enterprise Transformation Happen! Nightingale, Prof. Deborah Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Conference presentation Wed, 24 Mar 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83274 2004-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83273 LAI Consortium’s Role in Enterprise Transformation: Making It Happen Nightingale, Prof. Deborah LAI Plenary Conference presentation Tue, 23 Mar 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83273 2004-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83272 Lean Success Breakout Session A: Industry-Government Infrastructure Jobo, Ron; Kraft, Ed; Roth, George Breakout session on industry-government infrastructure Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83272 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83271 C-5 Journey into Lean Workforce Aspects Fraile, Lydia Presentation on C-5 journey into lean Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83271 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83270 What Progress Have We Made So Far With Evolutionary Development? Rebentisch, Eric Evolutionary development progress poster Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83270 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83269 Enterprise Transition-To-Lean Roadmap Lean Advancement Initiative Enterprise TTL Roadmap Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83269 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83268 Making Lean Stick Klein, Jan Presentation on achieving true change Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83268 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83267 Lean Enterprise Transformation: Building the Infrastructure Carroll, Dr. John Plenary Wrap-Up Lessons Learned Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83267 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83266 Improving Complex Enterprises with System Models Hemann, Justin Thumbnail sketch of defense sustainment Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83266 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83265 United States Air Force Air Logistics Centers: Lean Enterprise Transformation and Associated Capabilities Cohen, Jessica Lauren Presentation on lean enterprise transformation in the United States Air Force Air Logistics Centers Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83265 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83264 An Emerging Theory for Lean Enterprise Chain Roth, George Presentation on lean enterprise change Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83264 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83263 Sustaining Lean Change Working Group Roth, George Presentation on sustaining lean change Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83263 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83262 The Lean Supply Chain Now Pilot Demonstration Project Bozdogan, Kirk; Akhbari, Hamid; Darden, Chris Supplier Networks Working Group Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83262 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83261 Building the Lean Extended Enterprise through Adaptive Supply Chain Networks Shaw, Thomas E.; Burton, Terence T. Agenda: • A&D Lean transformation issues • Supplier issues • Supply chain network management issues • An IT architecture for supply network integration and management---illustrative example • SAP Netweaver application platform • A&D Netweaver application example- Bombardier • Summary Tue, 01 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83261 2005-03-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83260 Breakout Session: Topics in Supply Chain Management Bozdogan, Kirk Session Overview: • Session: Topics in Supply Chain Management • Session Lead: Kirk Bozdogan (MIT) • Date: March 24, 2005 • Time: 8:00 - 12:00 PM • Room: Dana VI Thu, 24 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83260 2005-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83255 The Role of IT in Enterprise Transformation Srinivasan, Jayakanth "JK" • A brief history of Computing • Deciphering the Alphabet Soup • Strategic Frontiers - Information Systems - Enterprise Architecture - Software Development Wed, 23 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83255 2005-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83254 Enabling Lean Enterprise Transformation Through IT The PDM Example Hines, Eriska K.; Shields, Tom; Srinivasan, Jayakanth "JK" Overview: • Context • Research Design • Results • Implications for Lean • Lessons Learned • Conclusions Wed, 23 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83254 2005-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83252 Textron Systems Sensor Fuzed Weapon VSM Event: Using LAI Tools to Transform a Program Enterprise McManus, Hugh; Bentley, Geoffrey LAI Plenary Conference presentation Wed, 23 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83252 2005-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83251 Breakout Session: Change Methodology, Planning and Standardization (Session II) Bozdogan, Kirk Session Overview: • Session: Change Methodology, Planning & Standardization (Session II) • Session Lead: Kirk Bozdogan (MIT) • Date: March 23, 2005 • Time: 1:15 - 5:15 PM • Room: Dana VI Wed, 23 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83251 2005-03-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83250 Impact of Knowledge Management Tools as Integrating Mechanisms Taylor, LT Aaron A DD(X) Case Study Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83250 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83249 Designing the Lean Enterprise Performance Measurement System Mahidhar, Vikram Agenda: •Metrics Team Challenge from LAI Executive Board •Metrics and Lean Transformation •Research Objective •Theory and current practices •Gaps in current practices •Conceptual Lean Enterprise Performance Measurement System •Data Collection and Analysis Tue, 22 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83249 2005-03-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83248 Lean Enterprise Transformation: Ogden ALC Case Study Christopherson, Timothy; Stanke, Alexis Overview: • Developing a strategy for enterprise transformation • Building capability for managing change • Learning and results Thu, 03 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83248 2005-03-03T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83246 Organizational Design Choices in Lean Transformation Roth, George Panel session, presentation on organizational design Tue, 22 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83246 2005-03-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83244 LAI Today and Tomorrow Nightingale, Prof. Debbie Agenda: •Highlights Since Last Plenary •Future Direction for Phase V •Conference Highlights Tue, 22 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83244 2005-03-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83243 Enterprise Transformation: Closing the Gap Between Knowledge and Implementation: Lessons Learned on Enterprise Transformation Carroll, Prof. John S. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Conference presentation Thu, 19 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83243 2007-04-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83242 The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Advantage Sheffi, Yossi Presentation on overcoming vulnerability in the enterprise Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83242 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83241 Partnering for Enterprise Excellence Nightingale, Prof. Debbie 2007 LAI Conference opening presentation Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83241 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83240 Design and Exercise of Flexibility in a Blended Wing Body (BWB) Type Aircraft McConnell, Joshua LAI Plenary Conference presentation Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83240 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83239 Strategies in Enterprise Ecology: Symbiotic Models for Commercial Aviation as an Enterprise of Enterprises Sgouridis, Sgouris; Sussman, Prof. Joseph Agenda: • Hypotheses • Background – Commercial Aviation Cycles – Enterprises and business cycles • A framework: Enterprise of Enterprises • Modeling Enterprise of Enterprises • Countercyclical strategies and symbiosis Thu, 19 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83239 2007-04-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83238 Understanding and Modeling Interaction Effects in Complex Engineering Enterprises Glazner, Christopher Agenda: • Overview of the problem • Hypotheses • Enterprise-level interactions • Useful modeling approaches • Next Steps Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83238 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83236 Enterprise Architecture Modeling, Design and Transformation: Defining the Missing Links Bozdogan, Kirk Outline - • Propose a unifying conceptual framework guiding the “front-end” of planned enterprise change (transformation) management process • Enterprise architecture design process (enterprise architecting) • Choice of enterprise architecture for emphasis • Enterprise architecture modeling strategies • Transition moves available for enterprise transformation • Show how the framework links together a number of the key design decisions that need to be considered simultaneously, under alternative combinations of major contingency conditions Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83236 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83235 Challenges in Aerospace IT: The CIO Perspective Srinivasan, Jayakanth "JK" Agenda - • Motivation • Research Methodology • Key Findings • Going Forward Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83235 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83234 Comparative Analysis of Supply Chain Management Practices by Boeing and Airbus: Long-Term Strategic Implications Horng, Tzu-Ching; Bozdogan, Kirk Research Goals and Approach: Goals - • Develop an improved understanding of emerging supply chain management strategies and practices in the commercial aerospace industry • Explore the longer-term implications of the findings for supply chain management practices in the aerospace industry in the future/ Approach - • Conduct a comparative analysis of supply chain management practices by Boeing and Airbus • Focus on two large development programs -- the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and the Airbus A380 Navigator • Concentrate on the common set of suppliers supporting both programs to develop a sharp “compare-and contrast” perspective, looking at Boeing & Airbus from the vantage point of these common suppliers • Capture bottom-up “supplier’s voice” to complement “top-down” perspective, while controlling for any “embellished” top-down view from the two companies Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83234 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83232 Exploring the Architecture of Combat Air Operations: Insights into Flexibility in Enterprise Architectures and Implications for System Architecture and Acquisition Dickmann, John • Question: – How do we design enterprises and large-scale systems for flexibility? • Hypothesis: – Enterprise and technical system architectures with more lateral vs. vertical connections will perform better in dynamic and uncertain environments, both operational and acquisition • Goals: – Architectural analysis at enterprise level to see whether a shift from an architecture dominated by vertical connections to one dominated by lateral connections enables an enterprise to achieve greater flexibility. – Associate this shift to performance – “First Order” modeling and analysis Wed, 11 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83232 2007-04-11T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83231 From Good To Lean: The Bottom Line Impact of Enterprise Lean Transformation Valerdi, Ricardo; Srinivasan, Jayakanth "JK"; Nightingale, Noel LAI Conference presentation Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83231 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83229 Measuring the Efficiency of Commonality Implementation: Application to Commercial Aircraft Cockpits Bador, Damien P.M.D.; Seering, Warren J.; Rebentisch, Eric S. Increasing commonality across their models allows commercial aircraft manufacturers to reduce the product development cycle time and tailor their models to their customers’ needs. The cockpit is an area where commonality is thought to be particularly desirable, since it also simplifies the pilots training process for the airline companies. However, no set of metrics is currently able to measure the efficiency of commonality application at this level from a total lifecycle standpoint. In this paper, we propose a set of metrics adapted to large commercial aircraft and taking into account the main parts of the product lifecycle. The concept of lead time is central in our measurement of commonality, as it strongly influences the value of the aircraft for all primary stakeholders. We examine the extent to which these metrics are independent from aircraft particularities (such as physical dimensions). We indicate their limitations and what additional research should be performed to obtain a set of metrics able to measure the efficiency of commonality implementation for the whole aircraft. We use the example of two competing medium-haul aircraft families to test our set of metrics. We evaluate the efficiency of commonality according to our metrics and we compare with field results obtained from the manufacturers’ studies and from the results of interviews of airlines pilots. We show how our set Tue, 17 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83229 2007-04-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83228 Promoting Collaborative Systems Thinking Through the Alignment of Culture and Process: The Lean Link Twomey Lamb, Caroline Agenda • Motivation • Research Framework • Key Constructs • Objectives • Research Methods • Current Progress • Next Steps Wed, 18 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83228 2007-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83227 Performing Collaborative, Distributed Systems Engineering (CDSE) Lessons Learned from CDSE Enterprises Utter, Darlene A. LAI Research Seminar presentation Wed, 28 Feb 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83227 2007-02-28T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83225 Lean Enterprise Product Development Simulation and Short Course - A Summary McManus, Hugh; Rebentisch, Eric Presentation on lean enterprise product development Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83225 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83224 LAI EdNet and Lean Systems Engineering Murman, Earll Presentation on LAI EdNet Tue, 17 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83224 2007-04-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83222 LAI Lean Product Development Research Rebentisch, Eric Presentation on LAI lean product development research Tue, 17 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83222 2007-04-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83221 Lean Product Development Rebentisch, Eric Overview • Lean PD—is it making a difference? • How Toyota does product development • Current evidence of Lean in PD in aerospace • Extending lean to the PD system level Tue, 17 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83221 2007-04-17T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83220 Leading the Lean Enterprise: The Dynamics of Distributed Leadership Carroll, Prof. John S. Lean Aerospace Initiative Plenary Conference presentation, Lessons Learned on Distributed Leadership Thu, 20 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83220 2006-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83216 Understanding Industrial Ecology Dynamics and Competitive Enterprise Strategies in the Large Commercial Aircraft Industry: Hybrid Agent-Based Systems Dynamics Simulation as a Tool for Architecting the Extended Enterprise Sgouridis, Sgouris Agenda • The Aviation Industry Ecosystem • Why model the aviation industry? • Methods: existing models and frameworks • The hybrid agent-based System Dynamics modeling approach • Expected Value Thu, 20 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83216 2006-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83214 Dynamics of Enterprise and Technical System Architectures: Early insights from Combat Air Operations Dickmann, John Presentation on dynamics of enterprise and technical system architectures Wed, 01 Mar 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83214 2006-03-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83213 Design and Exercise of Flexibility in the Boeing 787 Dreamliner McConnell, Joshua LAI Plenary Conference presentation, Enterprise Architectures: Emerging Ideas Thu, 20 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83213 2006-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83212 Integration Strategies Across Enterprise Networks: Applications to Enterprise Architecting with Examples Drawn from the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Enterprise Network Glazner, Chris Presentation on integration strategies across enterprise networks Thu, 20 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83212 2006-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83211 LAI Integrated Product Suite McManus, Hugh Presentation on the LAI integrated product suite Thu, 20 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83211 2006-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83210 Integrating the Lean Enterprise: Incorporating LAI Research, Products, and Practice into MIT Curriculum Nightingale, Prof. Deborah Presentation on course 16.852J/ESD.61J, Integrating the Lean Enterprise Thu, 20 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83210 2006-04-20T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83209 Leadership for Lean Culture Transformation: Introduction to Breakout Session & Five Precepts for Lean Enterprise Change Roth, George Presentation on lean culture transformation and agenda/presentations Sat, 01 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83209 2006-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83207 Creating High Performance Extended Enterprises Stanke, Alexis Presentation on creating high performance extended enterprises Wed, 19 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83207 2006-04-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83206 Alignment for Large Engineering Projects: Architecting Distributed Leadership McKenna, Nick Presentation on ALIGN process for large engineering projects Wed, 19 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83206 2006-04-19T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83204 GLPDS Toolset Development Rebentisch, Eric Presentation on GLPDS toolset development Tue, 18 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83204 2006-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83203 Platform Issues in Commercial Aircraft Companies Bador, Damien Presentation on platform issues in commercial aircraft companies Boeing and Airbus Tue, 18 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83203 2006-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83201 Platforms, Development and Architecture in the Lean Enterprise Long, Dave Presentation on platforms in the Lean Enterprise Sat, 01 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83201 2006-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83200 Managing Risk and Uncertainty: Traditional Methods and the Lean Enterprise Wirthlin, Major Robb Agenda/Overview Review of Recent LAI research • Josef Oehmen • Steve Bresnahan • McManus/Hastings • Research Conclusions/ My Proposed Research • Motivation for study • Areas of Interest Sat, 01 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83200 2006-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83199 Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE): Building Lean Conceptual Design Factories Coffee, Thomas Presentation on the ICE approach Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83199 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83198 Modeling the Product Development Enterprise Methods, Decisions and Metrics Rupani, Sid; Castro, Joao Presentation on modeling the product development enterprise Tue, 18 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83198 2006-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83197 Corporate Decision Analysis: An Engineering Approach Tang, Victor Presentation on using an engineering approach in corporate decision analysis Sat, 01 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83197 2006-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83195 Recent LAI PD VSM Research Rebentisch, Eric Overview • LAI PDVSM 1.0 released • Predecessors in widespread (?) distribution and use (??) in the LAI consortium • Several recent research projects completed using value stream mapping in PD • Kato—Waste in PD • Whitaker—VSM and EVMS • MacKenzie—VSM in USAF SPOs • Evidence of significant PDVSM activities among LAI consortium members • Where do we stand as a learning community? • What are the next steps? Tue, 18 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83195 2006-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83194 Quantifying the Effects of Waste in a Product Development Process Livengood, Dan Overview •Setting the stage: Sources of waste in Product Development •The Main Act: Identifying and measuring waste in typical development processes •Finale: Solutions and a real-time metric •Encore: Related research paths could spawn from here within our Product Lifecycle research team Sat, 01 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83194 2006-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83192 Research Enables Enterprise Transformation Widnall, Dr. Sheila Presentation on the transformation imperative Tue, 18 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83192 2006-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83189 Industry Future State and LAI Executive Panel Cool, Christopher Presentation on industry future state and LAI Tue, 18 Apr 2006 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83189 2006-04-18T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83187 Developing Capabilities for Lean Enterprise Change Roth, George Presentation on achieving successful lean enterprise change Thu, 24 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83187 2008-04-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83186 Lean Enablers for Systems Engineering Handout Rhodes, Donna LAI Conference handout, Boston Hyatt Harborside Hotel Thu, 24 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83186 2008-04-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83185 Lean Enablers for Systems Engineering: Panel on Lean Enablers for Systems Engineering Rhodes, Donna Lean systems engineering panel Thu, 24 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83185 2008-04-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83183 INCOSE Lean SE Working Group Murman, Prof. Earll LAI Conference presentation, Boston Hyatt Harborside Hotel Thu, 24 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83183 2008-04-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83181 Making Difficult Conversations Productive: Individual and Organizational Learning Approaches Roth, George Presentation with exercises to help make organizational change go well Wed, 23 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83181 2008-04-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83180 Computational Enterprise Modeling and Simulation: Enabling Enterprise Performance Improvement, Modernization and Transformation Bozdogan, Dr. Kirk; Glazner, Christopher; Hoffman, Dr. Kenneth; Sussman, Prof. Joseph Lean Advancement Initiative Annual Conference presentation Wed, 23 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83180 2008-04-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83179 Symbiotic Strategies in Enterprise Ecology: Modeling Commercial Aviation as an Enterprise of Enterprises Sgouridis, Prof. Sgouris Agenda: Overview, Motivation, and Methodology, Research Questions Modeling Commercial Aviation as an Enterprise of Enterprise, Results and Conclusions, Contributions, Future Work Wed, 23 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83179 2008-04-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83178 Increasing Value of a Family of Products through Flexibility: Hedging Against Uncertainty McConnell, Dr. Joshua; Sussman, Prof. Joseph LAI Annual Meeting presentation from the session, Pushing the Enterprise Modeling Envelope Wed, 23 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83178 2008-04-23T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83177 Highlights of Enterprise Transformation Research Nightingale, Debbie Highlights of the latest in LAI research supporting enterprise transformation Thu, 24 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83177 2008-04-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83176 Portfolio Risk Management Vixama, Maj Chez LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Baltimore, Maryland Thu, 02 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83176 2009-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83175 The Culture of Innovation Styles: Are Our Corporate Cultures Tuned for Innovation? Czaika, Ellen; Valerdi, Ricardo Agenda •Overview of Hofstede Cross Cultural Dimensions •Interactions among the dimensions •Miller & Friesen Models of Innovation •Brown Systems Model of Innovation •Application to Industry •Models for Innovation •Matching Types to Innovation •Next Steps •Closing Thoughts Thu, 02 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83175 2009-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83174 Merging Lean and Six Sigma Programs to Realize Enterprise Excellence Roth, Dr. George LAI Annual Conference presentation, Baltimore, Maryland Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83174 2009-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83173 Deploying the LAI Lean Academy at Northeastern University McManus, Hugh LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Baltimore, Maryland Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83173 2009-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83172 The LAI EdNet's Journey into Lean Healthcare Murman, Prof. Emeritus Earll Agenda: Education Network Overview, LAI Lean Academy Course, LAI Lean Healthcare Academy Course Thu, 02 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83172 2009-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83171 An Enterprise Systems Approach to Healthcare Nightingale, Prof. Deborah Agenda • Research Motivation • Cross-Industry Enterprise Challenges • Boston Provider Case Examples • LAI Enterprise Healthcare Vision Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83171 2009-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83170 Annual Meeting Opening: Achieving Enterprise Excellence Nightingale, Prof. Deborah LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Baltimore, Maryland Wed, 01 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83170 2009-04-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83169 Enterprise Assessment Diagnostics: Lessons Learned from LAI Members Shields, Tom; Valerdi, Ricardo Discussion facilitated by Tom Shields and Ricardo Valerdi Thu, 02 Apr 2009 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83169 2009-04-02T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83168 The Paradox of Leading from the Middle Roth, Dr. George LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Break Out Sessions 1 & 2, Dana Point, California Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83168 2010-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83167 Simulating the Patient Value Stream McManus, Hugh LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Dana Point, California Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83167 2010-03-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83166 Lean Implementation at Jefferson Healthcare Murman, Earll LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Dana Point, California Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83166 2010-03-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83165 Applying ESAT to a Multi-campus Mental Health Hospital Peck, Jordan Agenda: Project Overview, Enterprise Description, X-Matrix, Process Waste Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83165 2010-03-25T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83164 Standardization of Product Development Processes in Multi-Project Organizations Rupani, Sid LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Dana Point, California Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83164 2010-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83163 Key Enablers to a Lean Enterprise Journey Carroll, Prof. John Presentation on conference highlights, consortium views, and upcoming events Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83163 2010-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83162 Leading Enterprise Transformation Nightingale, Prof. Deborah LAI Annual Meeting presentation, Dana Point, California Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83162 2010-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83161 LAI Working With the US Army for Enterprise Transformation Rebentisch, Dr. Eric Overview • Eric Rebentisch: LAI/Army ESAT overview (Army Materiel Enterprise, System of Systems Engineering), reflections on the ESAT process • Nancy Moulton: Army Materiel Enterprise (ME) reflections on the experience, on-going efforts and progress • Jerry Coover: Implementation efforts and change dynamics, other enterprise perspectives • Panel discussion and Q&A Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83161 2010-03-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83160 Enterprise Strategic Analysis for Transformation Primer Srinivasan, Dr. Jayakanth Outline • Understanding the ESAT Context • From Lean Now! → EVSMA → ESAT • Key elements of ESAT • Executing an ESAT • Discussion Panel Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83160 2010-03-25T00:00:00Z