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dc.contributor.authorR?ddiger, Tobias
dc.contributor.authorK?ttner, Michael
dc.contributor.authorLepold, Philipp
dc.contributor.authorKing, Tobias
dc.contributor.authorMoschina, Dennis
dc.contributor.authorBagge, Oliver
dc.contributor.authorParadiso, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorClarke, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorBeigl, Michael
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-07T15:33:25Z
dc.date.available2025-04-07T15:33:25Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-04
dc.identifier.issn2474-9567
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/159051
dc.description.abstractEarphones have evolved from pure audio devices to "earables" that are capable of advanced sensing. Bespoke research devices have shown the unique sensing capabilities of the earable platform; however, they are hard to replicate and require expertise to develop in the first place. In this paper, we present OpenEarable 2.0 - an open source, unified platform that integrates a larger number of sensors for conducting comprehensive earable research. OpenEarable 2.0 works as regular binaural Bluetooth earphones and features two ultrasound capable microphones (inward/outward), a 3-axis ear canal accelerometer/bone microphone, a 9-axis head inertial measurement unit, pulse oximeter, optical temperature sensor, ear canal pressure sensor, and microSD card. These capabilities allow for the detection and measurement of 30+ phenomena on the ear that can be used across a wide range of applications in health monitoring, activity tracking, human-computer-interaction and authentication. We describe the design and development of OpenEarable 2.0 which follows best open hardware practices and achieves commercial-level wearability. We provide justification for the selection and placement of integrated sensors and include in-depth descriptions of the extensible, open source firmware and hardware that are implemented using free to use tools and frameworks. For real-time sensor control and data recording we also contribute a web-based dashboard and mobile smartphone app. The wearability and ability to sense different phenomena are validated in four studies which showcases how OpenEarable 2.0 provides accurate measurements in comparison to established gold-standard measurements. We further demonstrate that OpenEarable 2.0 can be assembled by inexperienced users, and that undergraduate students can build applications using the OpenEarable platform.en_US
dc.publisherACMen_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttps://doi.org/10.1145/3712069en_US
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attributionen_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceAssociation for Computing Machineryen_US
dc.titleOpenEarable 2.0: Open-Source Earphone Platform for Physiological Ear Sensingen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.citationR?ddiger, Tobias, K?ttner, Michael, Lepold, Philipp, King, Tobias, Moschina, Dennis et al. 2025. "OpenEarable 2.0: Open-Source Earphone Platform for Physiological Ear Sensing." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 9 (1).
dc.contributor.departmentProgram in Media Arts and Sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)en_US
dc.relation.journalProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologiesen_US
dc.identifier.mitlicensePUBLISHER_POLICY
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.type.urihttp://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticleen_US
eprint.statushttp://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerRevieweden_US
dc.date.updated2025-04-01T07:52:25Z
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.rights.holderThe author(s)
dspace.date.submission2025-04-01T07:52:25Z
mit.journal.volume9en_US
mit.journal.issue1en_US
mit.licensePUBLISHER_CC
mit.metadata.statusAuthority Work and Publication Information Neededen_US


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