Assessment of Choriocapillaris Flow Prior to Nascent Geographic Atrophy Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the relationship between choriocapillaris (CC) loss and the development of nascent geographic atrophy (nGA) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. Methods: In total, 105 from 62 participants with bilateral large drusen, without late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or nGA at baseline, were included in this prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Participants underwent swept-source OCTA imaging at 6-month intervals. CC flow deficit percentage (FD%) and drusen volume measurements were determined for the visit prior to nGA development or the second-to-last visit if nGA did not develop. Global and local analyses, the latter based on analyses within superpixels (120 × 120-µm regions), were performed to examine the association between CC FD% and future nGA development. Results: A total of 15 (14%) eyes from 12 (19%) participants developed nGA. There was no significant difference in global CC FD% at the visit prior to nGA development between eyes that developed nGA and those that did not (P = 0.399). In contrast, CC FD% was significantly higher in superpixels that subsequently developed nGA compared to those that did not (P < 0.001), and a model utilizing CC FD% was significantly better at predicting foci of future nGA development at the superpixel level than a model using drusen volume alone (P ≤ 0.040). Conclusions: This study showed that significant impairments in CC blood flow could be detected locally prior to the development of nGA. These findings add to our understanding of the pathophysiologic changes that occur with atrophy development in AMD.